The hostel is a place of temporary residence for visiting students and pupils during their studies, seasonal workers during their work, service, or which has become permanent for employees of the institution. Accordingly, it is necessary to distinguish between student and worker dormitories . Living quarters in hostels are provided at the rate of at least six square meters of living space per person [1] . According to this standard, several people can live in one room. The level of comfort in the hostel is usually quite low.
There are "bachelor" dormitories, which are divided into "male" and "female", as well as " small-family hostel ".
In the Middle Ages, hostels at universities for poor students (and in Russia at religious schools and seminaries until 1917 ) were called a bursa.
Dormitory for university students can be located in the building of the university (very rarely) or in the university complex. For example, the main building of Moscow State University includes an academic building, as well as dormitories for senior students and graduate students.
Content
Family Residences
“Small family hostels” or “family-type hostels” differ from other hostels in that a separate family received an order from the administration of the enterprise and the trade union (usually temporary, for a period of 30 days) to settle in a separate room, without other cohabitants in it, for special services to the administration of the enterprise, long work experience and standing in line, and sometimes without it. In such hostels, a separate room was officially assigned to a separate family or resident, which is not the case in other types of hostels. Living conditions in small-family dormitories usually differ little from living conditions in other types of dormitories or such as in communal apartments , that is, with a shared kitchen and other amenities that may be completely absent. The status of a “small family dormitory” does not give the right to privatize rooms, which often serves as a reason for the resale of such hostels, among others, along with their residents, and the attempts of new owners to evict residents.
Workers dormitories
They represent a building (room) with dormitories or private rooms for temporary residence of non-resident employees ( guest workers ) of one or several organizations. Workers dormitories are also used by private seasonal workers who come to temporary jobs.
All hostels for workers, regardless of the conditions of accommodation, solve their main task: to provide decent living conditions for nonresident staff at a low price. The customer (employer) has a legal set of documents for the accommodation of workers, and the staff has registration at the place of stay . Unlike the “left” hostels, where workers (migrant workers) live interspersed with students, but on illegal grounds, where there is a risk of losing money due to a sudden eviction, where illegal immigrants take part of the premises, who independently agree with the commandants, and then pass FMS raids, in legal specialized hostels for workers there is complete confidence in the future and in the legality of living. Currently, some managers do not pay attention to the legislation in the field of hostels. Using the duality of the Laws, managers can compact the settlement of dormitories. Everyday disorder in the dormitories forces the local authorities to introduce benefits for those living in the dormitory. For example, benefits for bathing in the bath were introduced, in particular, for residents of the IHEP dormitory (the decision of the Protvino Council of Deputies dated January 30, 2012 No. 298/44 p.1.2).
Legal regulation of residence in dormitories
The legislation in force in many countries of the former Soviet Union, allows evicting from dormitories without providing other housing as students of educational institutions, and temporary and seasonal workers. Residents of dormitories with permanent registration were previously relatively protected from evictions by “providing other housing”. With the advent of privatization and changes in the housing legislation of the Russian Federation, hostels of enterprises and organizations not only in Russia but also in other CIS countries have undergone mass privatization by enterprises without regard for the interests of the workers living in them, with subsequent mass evictions. Such actions by employers and authorities regularly lead to mass protests by residents of hostels in Russia, Ukraine and other CIS countries.
Hostel Philosophy
As the philosopher E. V. Grednovskaya notes, the classic hostel has the properties of “Panopticon” described by M. Foucault . The scientist considers the lack of personal space, the inability to fully manage personal time, compulsory communication with neighbors and knowledge of their life, “the physiology of life” as signs of a hostel. All this turns the inhabitants of the hostel into " bodily subjects" who do not belong to themselves [2] .
See also
- Commune (public)
- Communal apartment
- Gostinka (housing)
- Condominium
- House-commune
- Hotel
- Cochasing
- Hotel type house
- Residential hotel complex
Notes
- ↑ HOUSING CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION dated December 29, 2004 N 188-ФЗ.
- ↑ Grednovskaya E. V. “The World of the Dormitory” as the microphysics of power // Gender relations and gender policy at the university. Ekaterinburg, 2003. - p. 301-305.