Swimming pool

Are divided into:

• Open - in which one or more bathtubs are in the open air
• Closed - in which the baths are located indoors.

and:

• Summer
• Year-round

The usual size of the bathtubs in the swimming pool is 25 or 50 meters. The number of lanes is usually from 5 to 10. In the center of each lane at the bottom, as well as at the ends of the bath, markings are made to make it easier for swimmers to swim without deviating from a straight course. Two cords with flags are suspended across the bath at a distance of 5 m from the beginning and the end; swimmers need them on the back to see the closeness of the wall and prepare for the turn. At a distance of 15 m from the start, a cord is suspended across the pool, which falls onto the water during a false start and stops the participants. Before each lane, at the beginning and end of the pool, there are starting tables, from which swimmers with a crawl , breaststroke and butterfly jump into the water at the start. On the bedside tables there are handles for which swimmers hold on their backs before starting. Children's pools can be of any shape and are usually shallow.

Pools are classified according to the following criteria:

• by appointment;
• by size;
• on equipment;
• by the nature of operation;
• according to the materials of manufacture;
• by the method of intake and water supply.

Destination classification

• Sports pools are designed for educational work, competitions , training children in swimming and organized recreational swimming.
• Bathing pools are mainly aimed at improving health related to serving unorganized one-time visitors.
• The educational pools of kindergartens are used for familiarizing with water, swimming lessons, mass bathing, as well as for occupying sports sections and conducting local competitions.
• Mixed (combined) pools are either a combination of baths and baths for sports or educational swimming in one complex, or the inclusion of plots for educational work and training in the swimming pool water area. The proportion of sports work in such pools is insignificant, the main goal in them is mass recreational swimming and relaxation of people.

Classification by nature of operation

Pools are arranged on natural reservoirs and artificial (bulk).

Pools in natural reservoirs are, as a rule, simple structures, where navigation bridges are laid on piles or pontoons that enclose part of the water area. This type of pool is a seasonal building due to the shortness of the summer season, the instability of meteorological conditions, and interference during the competition, which greatly limits the possibility of their operation. Therefore, they are used mainly for mass swimming, passing physical education and sports standards , and swimming training.

Artificial (bulk) pools have many advantages compared to pools in natural reservoirs. First of all, they have a higher sanitary-hygienic culture and operational stability, regulating the quality and temperature of water. In addition, independence from the weather ensures their year-round operation, which is especially important in connection with the growth of intensification of sports loads and many hours of daily training throughout the year.

Equipment Classification

Artificial pools are divided into:

• Outdoor pool - a facility where the main bath is located outdoors. By the nature of exploitation, open ones are divided into seasonal and year-round.
• Indoor pool - a building in which a bathtub or several bathtubs are located in special rooms. This type of pool is much more durable than pools in natural reservoirs, and maintaining their normal technical condition is cheaper. In addition, they are safer for floating.
• Integrated pool - includes stationary outdoor and indoor baths, and an outdoor bath can combine sports and bathing functions. This type of pool is characterized by an abundance of functionality, flexibility of operation at different times of the year.
• A transforming pool is a structure in which, depending on the time of the year, by transforming the enclosing structures, the bathtub can be alternately open and closed.
• Mobile pool - is a structure that can be moved from one territory to another: collapsible complexes, collapsible and transportable bathtubs.

Pools can be both wide-profile and specialized , which have a narrow, purposeful purpose: children's, hopping, swimming.

Size Classification

The length of the pools is from 25 m to 50 m, the width is from 11.4 m to 25, depending on the number of paths, the depth is from 1.2 m to 6 m, depending on the purpose of the pool, the width of the path is from 2.25 m to 2.5 m

Bath Material Classification

• Fiberglass or composite
• Concrete
• Polypropylene
• Steel (frame)

Classification by the method of water intake and supply

• The overflow pool is characterized by the fact that the water is on the same level with the side, and the water is taken from the pool through the overflow grate along the perimeter of the pool, then the water through the outlets flows by gravity into the storage tank, which suggests the presence of an additional overflow tank in the basement or technical room of the pool. Most public swimming pools are designed according to this scheme.
• Skimmernoy differs from overflow skimmer in that the water level is below the side level and a special pump draws water from the pool through special windows in the pool walls, called skimmers, then the water enters the system: pump - filtration system - water heater - chemical water treatment station, then through the nozzle returns to the pool. In practice, the creation of such a pool requires less construction costs for the bowl and equipment. Also, a distinctive feature of its creation is a unique scheme for supplying and withdrawing water for each basin ^[1] .

Physical methods for preparing water in pools include heating , recirculation , filtration , and disinfection . If the heating first of all provides a comfortable temperature of the pool environment, recirculation promotes uniform mixing of water, then in the filtering process there is a direct water purification. Two fundamental principles are used for water purification in the pool: mechanical treatment and chemical or biological disinfection ^[2] .

Mechanical treatment is the purification of water from inorganic pollutants (dust, debris, dead microorganisms) by means of a membrane, sand or other filter element. To increase the efficiency of the filters, contaminants are enlarged by adding special chemicals to the water - coagulant, flocculant, or using a flocculating device.

Water disinfection is the destruction of biologically active pollutants and waste products (bacteria, algae, sweat secretions). Various technologies are used to disinfect water: chlorination, ozonation, ultraviolet irradiation, electrolysis and other less common methods. Chlorination of water is the most common and reliable method of disinfection, unlike other methods, processes not only water, but also the surface of the pool itself. Ozonation , electrolysis and ultraviolet can process water passing directly through the disinfection device, in which case the pool surfaces remain a risk factor.

In Russia, at least to some extent, water is chlorinated in any basin, since the accepted sanitary standards require this. Even in pools with so-called sea ​​water , chlorine is added, albeit in extremely small quantities.

Previously, water was chlorinated by directly adding gaseous chlorine to the water. Since chlorine is an extremely toxic substance, a safer method is now used. Now chlorine is added to water in a chemically bound form, sodium hypochlorite in liquid form or chemical preparations based on chlorine-isocyanurates in solid form are most often used. In water, a gradual destruction of hypochlorite occurs with the release of free chlorine, which also has a bactericidal effect.

There is a method to reduce the consumption of sodium hypochlorite using a flocculating device that causes a more active release of free chlorine - to achieve a given value of free chlorine in water, less reagents are consumed, respectively, the level of chloroform and trihalomethanes ^[3] (chlorine compounds, which studies that can cause serious illnesses, including cancer ).

For younger schoolchildren and for those who cannot swim, small fences are installed along the swimming zone: along the coast - 12-20 m, from the coast - 6-8 m (the so-called “paddling pools”). Special rooms for storing clothes here are not required: the guys can change their clothes in advance in the main rooms. Buoys are football cameras located at a distance of 150-180 cm from each other. The cameras are connected by a cord or rope, on which wooden cylinders are painted, painted in a bright color.

In order to prevent the device from being demolished by the river or by the guys themselves while swimming, a load (stone, piece of metal) is attached to the corner mounts. Near the shore, the structure is fixed with stakes or poles. The overhead guard is easy to remove and quickly dismantled, which is very convenient.

The depth of the swimming zone should not exceed 0.7 m. Where the depth is greater, buoys are used not only as a protective line, but also as a life-saving tool. They are made of car cameras and wooden blocks of small cross section, have good buoyancy. A rope of the fence is attached to the buoys. The color should be bright - for example, red and white.

A small pool of simplified design with four swimming lanes with a lane length of 25 m and a width of 2.25 m. It can be located near the shore, at a depth of at least 1.5 m. The fencing of the tracks is made of wooden poles 8 cm thick, connected by a rope or soft wire.

The width of the starting bridge is 3 m, the length depends on the number of starting tables, which should correspond to the number of paths located along the river. The size of the bedside table is 50 by 50 cm. The height of its front edge (above the water level) is 75 cm, the slope towards the water is 150 cm. The starting bridge is connected to the shore by a wooden gangway and is a wooden flooring resting on piles driven into the ground. The platform on the front side is sheathed with planks. Slots were cut on the vertical shields of the casing for hand grip when the swimmers start on their backs (their sizes: length - 50 cm, height - 12-15 cm).

To exit the water and climb the bridge using a ladder. Materials for its manufacture: boards, slats, wire and staples, with the help of which two vertical supporting boards are attached to the ducts of the platform. On the opposite side, the pool closes the rotary shield. It protrudes above the water surface by 20 cm, the depth under water is not less than 100 cm. The racks of the supporting structure are fixed in the bottom. For diving, it is not difficult to build a springboard (platform) or a tower. Depending on the age and preparedness of the children, the height of the springboard and the depth of the river at the jumping site may vary. To increase the reliability and stability of the structure, it can be attached with a wire to the tree trunk. For games and entertainment on the water, you can make interesting designs and devices. In order to make a catamaran, you need to connect two logs 150-180 cm long with three transverse logs, hollowing out a place for sitting on one of them. Oars are cut from thick boards. Another type of paddle is floating. Its core has a length of 1.5 - 2 m, the blades are made of a thin board or plywood soaked in a waterproof composition, the student dives into the water and, holding the oar on the right, begins to row.

According to the FINA rules, bathtubs of such pools should be 50 meters (25 meters for short-water competitions) long and 25 meters wide, depth not less than two meters. The width of the bath is divided into eight lanes of 2.5 meters, and before the first and after the eighth lane - another 2.5-meter strip. All these 10 strips are separated from each other by nine dividing garlands of floats with a diameter of 5-15 cm. The first and last 5 meters of each of them consist of red floats. The rest of the space is filled with green floats for 1 and 8 tracks, blue for 2, 3, 6 and 7 tracks and yellow for 4 and 5 tracks.

The water temperature should be 25–29 ° C , and the illumination throughout the bath should be at least 1500 lux ^[4] .

• Infinite pool - a pool, the edge of which goes directly into the ocean or merges with the horizon, creating the illusion of infinity; their borders are skillfully fit into the environment and natural landscape. The idea of ​​such pools originated in France - they were used in the construction of the famous Versailles fountains . Such pools can be afforded only by the most expensive resorts and hotels in the world, since their construction is quite an expensive pleasure ^[5] .
• Alfonso del Mar is a resort in Chile . It is notable for the fact that there is the largest pool in the world. The area of ​​the pool is 8 ha. The length is 1 kilometer. It contains 250 thousand cubic meters of water, which equals 6 thousand standard pools.
• Y-40 Deep joy - the world's deepest indoor swimming pool (Italy), for multi-purpose training in scuba diving. Its depth reaches 42.15 m.
• One of the most famous pools of the past is the Moscow Pool

• Job Description Swimming Instructor