Thallium (III) Chloride

Thallium chloride
Thallium chloride
Are common
Systematic ; name	Thallium (III) Chloride
Traditional names	Thallium Chloride
Chem. formula	TlCl 3
Physical properties
condition	colorless crystals
Molar mass	310.74 g / mol
Density	3.03 g / cm³
Thermal properties
T. melt.	with decomp. 155 ° C
Chemical properties
Solubility in water	60.3 20 g / 100 ml
Classification
Reg. CAS number	13453-32-2
PubChem
Reg. EINECS number
Smiles
Inchi
ChemSpider

Thallium (III) chloride is a binary inorganic compound, a salt of a metal of thallium and hydrochloric acid with the formula TlCl ₃ , colorless crystals that smoke in air, are well soluble in water, forms crystalline hydrates .

Content

Getting

Chlorine passing through a suspension of thallium (I) chloride :

{\mathsf {TlCl+Cl_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ TlCl_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {TlCl + Cl_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {}} \ TlCl_ {3}}}}

Physical Properties

Thallium chloride and its crystalline hydrates form colorless crystals, are readily soluble in water, alcohol , and ether .

During crystallization from water, TlCl ₃ • 4H ₂ O is precipitated as crystalline hydrate, which melts at 38 ° C in its own crystallization water. By drying over P ₂ O ₅ , other crystalline hydrates or an anhydrous salt can be obtained:

{\mathsf {TlCl_{3}\cdot 4H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{P_{2}O_{5}}}\ TlCl_{3}\cdot 3H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{P_{2}O_{5}}}\ TlCl_{3}\cdot H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{P_{2}O_{5}}}\ TlCl_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {TlCl_ {3} \ cdot 4H_ {2} O \ {\ xrightarrow [{- H_ {2} O}] {P_ {2} O_ {5}}} \ TlCl_ {3} \ cdot 3H_ {2} O \ {\ xrightarrow [{- H_ {2} O}] {P_ {2} O_ {5}}} \ TlCl_ {3} \ cdot H_ {2} O \ {\ xrightarrow [{- H_ {2} O}] {P_ {2} O_ {5}}} \ TlCl_ {3}}}}

Anhydrous crystals are very hygroscopic, smoke in air (like AlCl ₃ ).

Crystals of tetrachlorothallic acid H [TlCl ₄ ] • 3H ₂ O are isolated from hydrochloric acid solutions.

Chemical Properties

With slight heating begins to decompose:

{\mathsf {2TlCl_{3}\ {\xrightarrow {>40^{o}C}}\ Tl[Tl^{^{III}}Cl_{4}]+Cl_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2TlCl_ {3} \ {\ xrightarrow {> 40 ^ {o} C}} \ Tl [Tl ^ {^ {III}} Cl_ {4}] + Cl_ {2}}}}

With stronger heating, it completely passes into thallium (I) chloride :

{\mathsf {TlCl_{3}\ {\xrightarrow {>150^{o}C}}\ TlCl+Cl_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {TlCl_ {3} \ {\ xrightarrow {> 150 ^ {o} C}} \ TlCl + Cl_ {2}}}}

In hot water it is completely hydrolyzed:

{\mathsf {2TlCl_{3}+3H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ Tl_{2}O_{3}\downarrow +6HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2TlCl_ {3} + 3H_ {2} O \ {\ xrightarrow {100 ^ {o} C}} \ Tl_ {2} O_ {3} \ downarrow + 6HCl}}}

Decomposed by alkalis:

{\mathsf {2TlCl_{3}+6NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Tl_{2}O_{3}\downarrow +6NaCl+3H_{2}O}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2TlCl_ {3} + 6NaOH \ {\ xrightarrow {}} \ Tl_ {2} O_ {3} \ downarrow + 6NaCl + 3H_ {2} O}}}

It is an oxidizing agent:

{\mathsf {2TlCl_{3}+3H_{2}S\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Tl_{2}S\downarrow +2S\downarrow +6HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2TlCl_ {3} + 3H_ {2} S \ {\ xrightarrow {}} \ Tl_ {2} S \ downarrow + 2S \ downarrow + 6HCl}}}

{\mathsf {TlCl_{3}+2Tl\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3TlCl\downarrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {TlCl_ {3} + 2Tl \ {\ xrightarrow {}} \ 3TlCl \ downarrow}}}

With alkali metal chlorides forms chlorotallates of complex composition:

{\mathsf {TlCl_{3}+3KCl\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ K_{3}[TlCl_{6}]}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {TlCl_ {3} + 3KCl \ {\ xrightarrow {}} \ K_ {3} [TlCl_ {6}]}}}

{\mathsf {2TlCl_{3}+3CsCl\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Cs_{3}[Tl_{2}Cl_{9}]}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2TlCl_ {3} + 3CsCl \ {\ xrightarrow {}} \ Cs_ {3} [Tl_ {2} Cl_ {9}]}}}

Literature

Chemistry Handbook / Editorial: Nikolsky B.P. et al. - 3rd ed., rev. - L .: Chemistry, 1971. - T. 2. - 1168 p.
Lidin R.A. and other Chemical properties of inorganic substances: Textbook. manual for universities. - 3rd ed., Rev. - M .: Chemistry, 2000 .-- 480 p. - ISBN 5-7245-1163-0 .
Ripan R., Chetyanu I. Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. - M .: Mir, 1971. - T. 1. - 561 p.