Ludovit Velislav Štur ( Slovak Ľudovít Štúr [ˈʎudoviːt ˈʃtuːr] , formerly known as the Slovak. Ludevít Velislav Štúr ; October 29, 1815 , Ugrovets near Banovec nad Bebravoj - January 12, 1856 , Modra near Bratislava ) - Slovak poet, philologist, public figure. He was the ideologist of the Slovak national revival in the 19th century , the author of the Slovak language standard, which ultimately led to the modern Slovak literary language, the organizer of the Slovak revolutionary campaigns during the Revolution of 1848-1849 in Hungary , MP of the Kingdom of Hungary, politician, poet, journalist, publisher, teacher, philosopher and linguist.
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Works
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Biography
Ludovit Stur was born on October 29, 1815 in the town of Ugrovets in the north of Austria-Hungary (modern Slovakia), in the family of a poor rural teacher of Protestant confession. He studied at the gymnasium in Rab, then at the Evangelical Lyceum in the city of Presburg (the current capital of the Slovak Republic Bratislava), where he joined the Slavic (Slovak) literary society [3] .
After graduating from a theology course, Stuhr for some time replaced Professor Yuri Palkovich at the department of Czech-Slovak language and literature. Then he had to almost single-handedly conduct the business of Slovenian society, the senior members of which left Presburg. In 1838 it was closed by the government. Stuhr went to Galle and there he was engaged in historical and political sciences and comparative study of Slavic languages under the guidance of Pott. Returning to Presburg, he again replaced Palkovic, awakening a national feeling in his students from the Slovaks, and thereby incurred the hatred of the Magyars . Criminal proceedings were instituted against him twice, but the charges were not confirmed. Nevertheless, the church council, by virtue of its patronage over the lyceum, in 1844 removed Stur from teaching. Grieved by the resignation of their teacher, many students left Presburg and went to graduate in other cities [3] .
In the middle of the 19th century, thanks to the efforts of the Slovak Protestant intelligentsia in the person of Ludovit Stur, Joseph Gurban and Michal Goji , a new version of the literary Slovak language was codified and introduced, later called " shtovschrina ". Its initial base is the Middle Slovak cultural interdialect . The new literary language, in contrast to Bernolakism , is a system of the Middle Slovak type. In 1844, the first works were published on it, and from 1845 to 1848, the Slovak National Newspaper ( Slovenské národnje Novini ) was published with the literary supplement Tatra Eagle ( Orol Tatranski ) [3] .
In 1846, the main linguistic works of L. Stur (“Slovak dialect, or the need to write in this dialect”, “Science of the Slovak language”) were published. The norms of the štrov literary language to a greater extent than the Bernolac language corresponded to the lively colloquial speech of the Slovaks.
In literary and aesthetic views, he absolutized folklore as an expression of the national spirit and national cultural tradition ("On Folk Songs and Tales of the Slavic Tribes", 1853). In poetry, he developed genres of patriotic lyrics and epics (Sat. Lyrics and Songs, 1853, poems Svyatoboy, Matush iz Trenchina, both - 1853).
When the revolutionary storm calmed down in Hungary, Stuhr distanced himself from political activity and lived in solitude, raising the children of his brother Karol, also a Slovak patriotic writer, without leaving literature. At that time he published Zpĕvy and pisnĕ (Presburg, 1853), the Czech book On narodnich pisnich a povĕstech plemen slovanských (Prague, 1853), and a work in German containing a detailed exposition of his Pan-Slavic theories; this work was published in Russian by V. I. Lamansky under the title Slavism and the World of the Future. Message to the Slavs from the banks of the Danube ” [4] . Of the actual poetic works of Štur published in the aforementioned “ Spevy ”, the poems “The Holy One ” and especially “ Matveš Trenčini ” [5] are valued more than others.
Lyudovit Velislav Shtur died on January 12, 1856 in the town of Modra from a wound that he inflicted on himself by negligence during a hunt [3] .
His older brother Karol (1811-1851) also devoted himself to Slovak literature and pedagogy; he was repeatedly published in the Tatra Eagle of his younger brother and in other publications [6] .
Compositions
- Dielo, zv. 1-6, Brat., 1954-59;
- Listy, zv. 1-3, Brat., 1954-60;
- in Russian translation :
- A trip to the Puddles in the spring of 1839, "Dennitsa", Warsaw, 1842, part 1, number 1 - 2;
- Slavism and the world of the future ..., 2nd ed., St. Petersburg, 1909 (Biographical essay);
- [Poems], in the book: Poetry of the Western and Southern Slavs, L., 1955.
- Lectures on history. Per. M. I. Lenshina // Anthology of Czech and Slovak philosophy. M.: Thought, 1982. p. 290-299.
See also
- Shturovtsy
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118619713 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Shtur, Ludovit // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ See “Readings” of the Moscow Society of History and Antiquities , 1867, and separately; Wed The Herald of Europe , 1878, Book II.
- ↑ Stepovich A.I. Slovak literature // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Stuhr, Karol // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- Polovinkin I.N. , -. Shtur, Ludovit // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Frantsev V. , Czech-Slovenian schism and its echoes in the literature of the 40s. In memory of L. Stur, Warsaw , 1915;
- Matula V., L. Stur , Bratislava, 1956; History of Slovak Literature, Moscow , 1970, p. 79 - 86;
- Sučasníci o L'udovitovi Šturovi, Brat., 1955;
- L'udovit Štúr. Zivot a dielo. Sborni'k, Brat., 1956;
- Juricek J. , L'udovit Št Štúr, Brat., 1971.
Links
- Josette A. Baer, “National Emancipation, Not the Making of Slovakia: Ludovit Stur's Conception of the Slovak Nation” (2003) In: Studies in Post-Communism Occasional Papers Series published by Center for Post-Communist Studies, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada.
- WWW page dedicated to Ľudovít Štúr
- text of Nauka reči Slovenskej (in the štrow Slovak language)