Solid South ( "Cohesive South" , "Monolithic South" ) is a term that appeared in the USA in the 1870s during the Reconstruction . It characterizes the political, social and cultural unity of the southern states of the USA [1] . Later, this term became synonymous with the great political successes of the Democratic Party in these states from 1876 to 1964 in presidential and other elections.
History
The concept of “Cohesive South” appeared in the political system of the USA in the middle of the 19th century, denoting the southern states of the USA (and for some time the Confederate States of America ), traditionally voting for the Democratic Party.
A similar historical practice lasted from the time of Reconstruction after the Civil War in the USA , and until the 1970s . The first split, although insignificant at that time, in the United South was the state of Missouri, who voted in 1904 for Republican Teddy Roosevelt . Starting with the introduction of the “Southern Strategy” by Richard Nixon for authorship to win back the local electorate from the Democrats to the present time, the concept of the Cohesive South has become irrelevant.
Over the past 32 years, only Bill Clinton and Barack Obama have received southern states in the presidential election. [ specify ] Now this is the support of the Republicans . Jimmy Carter also received the support of many southern states, but only because he was a native of Georgia and the era of Southern Strategy in the then elections in 1976 was just beginning. Many attribute this to the fact that President Kennedy , and later Lyndon Johnson, supported the Bill of Rights of 1964 by sacrificing the votes of conservative Democrats and segregationists .
Cohesive South in the presidential election of 1876 - 2016
| Democratic Party | ||||||||||||||
| Republican Party | ||||||||||||||
| Dixicrates (Democrats fighting for South American rights) | ||||||||||||||
| Year | Alabama | Arkansas | Florida | Georgia | Kentucky | Louisiana | Mississippi | Missouri | North Carolina | South Carolina | Tennessee | Texas | Virginia | Maryland |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1876 | Samuel Tilden | Samuel Tilden | Rutherford Hayes | Samuel Tilden | Samuel Tilden | Rutherford Hayes | Samuel Tilden | Samuel Tilden | Samuel Tilden | Rutherford Hayes | Samuel Tilden | Samuel Tilden | Samuel Tilden | Samuel Tilden |
| 1880 | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield | Hancock Winfield |
| 1884 | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland |
| 1888 | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland |
| 1892 | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland | Grover Cleveland |
| 1896 | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William McKinley | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William McKinley |
| 1900 | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William McKinley |
| 1904 | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Theodore Roosevelt | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker | Alton Parker |
| 1908 | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Taft | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian | William Brian |
| 1912 | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson |
| 1916 | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson | Woodrow wilson |
| 1920 | James Cox | James Cox | James Cox | James Cox | James Cox | James Cox | James Cox | Warren harding | James Cox | James Cox | Warren harding | James Cox | James Cox | Warren harding |
| 1924 | John davis | John davis | John davis | John davis | Calvin Coolidge | John davis | John davis | Calvin Coolidge | John davis | John davis | John davis | John davis | John davis | Calvin Coolidge |
| 1928 | Alfred Smith | Alfred Smith | Herbert Hoover | Alfred Smith | Herbert Hoover | Alfred Smith | Alfred Smith | Herbert Hoover | Herbert Hoover | Alfred Smith | Herbert Hoover | Herbert Hoover | Herbert Hoover | Herbert Hoover |
| 1932 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
| 1936 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
| 1940 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
| 1944 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
| 1948 | Strom Termond | Harry Truman | Harry Truman | Harry Truman | Harry Truman | Strom Termond | Strom Termond | Harry Truman | Harry Truman | Strom Termond | Harry Truman | Harry Truman | Harry Truman | Thomas Dewey |
| 1952 | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Dwight Eisenhower | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Dwight Eisenhower | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Dwight Eisenhower | Dwight Eisenhower | Dwight Eisenhower | Dwight Eisenhower |
| 1956 | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Dwight Eisenhower | Stevenson, Adlai | Dwight Eisenhower | Dwight Eisenhower | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Stevenson, Adlai | Dwight Eisenhower | Dwight Eisenhower | Dwight Eisenhower | Dwight Eisenhower |
| 1960 | Harry Bird | John Kennedy | Richard Nixon | John Kennedy | Richard Nixon | John Kennedy | Harry Bird | John Kennedy | John Kennedy | John Kennedy | Richard Nixon | John Kennedy | Richard Nixon | John Kennedy |
| 1964 | Barry Goldwater | Lyndon Johnson | Lyndon Johnson | Barry Goldwater | Lyndon Johnson | Barry Goldwater | Barry Goldwater | Lyndon Johnson | Lyndon Johnson | Barry Goldwater | Lyndon Johnson | Lyndon Johnson | Lyndon Johnson | Lyndon Johnson |
| 1968 | Wallace George | Wallace George | Richard Nixon | Wallace George | Richard Nixon | Wallace George | Wallace George | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Humphrey, Hubert | Richard Nixon | Humphrey, Hubert |
| 1972 | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon |
| 1976 | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Jimmy carter | Gerald Ford | Jimmy carter |
| 1980 | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Jimmy carter | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Jimmy carter |
| 1984 | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan | Ronald reagan |
| 1988 | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush |
| 1992 | George Herbert Walker Bush | Bill clinton | George Herbert Walker Bush | Bill clinton | Bill clinton | Bill clinton | George Herbert Walker Bush | Bill clinton | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | Bill clinton | George Herbert Walker Bush | George Herbert Walker Bush | Bill clinton |
| 1996 | Robert Dole | Bill clinton | Bill clinton | Robert Dole | Bill clinton | Bill clinton | Robert Dole | Bill clinton | Robert Dole | Robert Dole | Bill clinton | Robert Dole | Robert Dole | Bill clinton |
| 2000 | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | Al Gore |
| 2004 | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | George Walker Bush | John Kerry |
| 2008 | John McCain | John McCain | Barack Obama | John McCain | John McCain | John McCain | John McCain | John McCain | Barack Obama | John McCain | John McCain | John McCain | Barack Obama | Barack Obama |
| 2012 | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Барак Обама | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Митт Ромни | Барак Обама | Барак Обама |
| 2016 | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Дональд Трамп | Хиллари Клинтон | Хиллари Клинтон |
| Year | Alabama | Arkansas | Florida | Джорджия | Kentucky | Луизиана | Миссисипи | Миссури | Северная Каролина | South Carolina | Теннесси | Texas | Виргиния | Мэриленд |
Notes
- ↑ Hilary Abner Herbert: Why the Solid South? Or, Reconstruction and its Results. Woodward, Baltimore 1890. Nachdruck Negroe Universities Press, New York 1969, ISBN 0-8371-1535-3
Источники для дальнейшего чтения
- Frederickson, Kari A. The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932-1968 . — University of North Carolina Press, 2001. — ISBN 0807825948 .
- Grantham, Dewey W. The Life and Death of the Solid South . — University Press of Kentucky, 1992. — ISBN 0813108136 .
- Herbert, Hilary Abner. Why the Solid South? . — RH Woodward & company, 1890.