Irtyash [6] - a reservoir lake in the Chelyabinsk region , located near the cities of Kasli and Ozersk . The lake is almost completely located on the territory of the Kasli city settlement and the Ozyorsk city district , only a small part of it in the southwest belongs to the Kyshtym city district [2] [7] .
| Lake | |
| Irtyash | |
|---|---|
 Irtyash Lake, 2013 | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | 227 [1] m |
| Dimensions | 14.5 [2] × 7.5 [2] km |
| Square | 53.5 [3] (61.8 [2] ) km² |
| Volume | 0.573 [4] km³ |
| Deepest | 18.6 [4] m |
| Average depth | 7.5 [4] m |
| Hydrology | |
| Salinity | 2001 g: 315 mg / l [4] |
| Pool | |
| Pool area | 1800 [4] km² |
| Flowing rivers | Bolshaya Kyshtymka , Bukoyan , Source |
| Flowing river | Techa |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Chelyabinsk region |
| Areas | Ozyorsk city district , Kyshtym city district |
| Identifiers | |
| HWR : | |
Title
In terms of sound content, the toponym is close to the Bashkir words: er - “earth”, “place”, “side” and tash - “stone,“ place (earth), where there are stones, a rocky place ”, it should be noted that the coast and bottom the lakes are really rocky, so there is a version of the origin of the name of the lake from the Turkic name: Irtey, Irtek, Irtuk [4] [8] .
General characteristics
The catchment area of the lake is, according to various sources, - 53.5 km² [3] or 61.8 km² [2] [4] . The greatest depth is 18.6 m, the average depth is 7.5 m [4] . Small rivers Bolshaya Kyshtymka and Bukoyan (Bukoyanka) flow into the lake. From Kasli, water flows both along the Istok river (bask. Kurgulak), and through a dug canal from Lake Big Kasli . One river Techa flows out, the right tributary of the Iset River [2] [4] .
The lake is an integral part of the Kaslinsko-Irtyash system of lakes - a group of more than a dozen lakes of mountain (pit) type, of which through watercourses (rivers and canals) between them there is a general collection of water in the Irtyash [9] [10] , then through the River Techy [2 ] [11] [12] (until 1949 through the Kyzyltash lake (now the special water supply V-2 of the Mayak special water supply), after 1965 with regulated drainage along the left-bank canal around the special water supply of the Techen cascade of water bodies ), the total water flow [ 11] [13] . Thus, the lake belongs to the Irtysh basin district . The lake is a technological (water intake) special water reservoir “V-1”, the flow is regulated by the dam “P-1” [14] .
The waters of the Irtyash and other lakes of the Kaslinsko-Irtyash system are used for technological water supply at Mayak Production Center, and were also planned for water supply in the case of the construction of the South Ural nuclear power plant [11] [15] .
There are a lot of fish in the lake ( dace , ruff , crucian carp , tench , burbot , perch , roach , pike , ide ). Acclimatized carp , bream , whitefish , peled , pike perch [2] .
Aquatic vegetation is represented by reeds, cattail, reeds, and there are thickets of water lilies [4] .
There are islands: Aldyshkin, Vostrotin, Gusev, Dymishkin, Moskin, Shatanov, Elm, Round, Firefly, Stump, Monkey and others. The bottom is silty, sand and pebble in places. The bottom is uneven, sometimes sandy and silty, in some areas stony and with underwater rocky ridges [2] .
Rychkov Pyotr Ivanovich in his book “Orenburg Topography” in the section “Notable Lakes in Bashkiria” wrote:
Irelash , from the warning Uyalei, it was from fifteen to twenty versts , thirty versts long, and ten versts wide, from which the Techa River came out. There are about twenty islands on it, and there are a lot of islands on the banks of it. On the steppe side, on the shore of that lake in the Myakotinsky volost, there is an old shaft, so high that in some places there are up to four fathoms , and the ditch is one and a half fathoms.
- [16]
In the waters of Lake Irtyash, sailing races are held. In particular, in 2007, the second stage of the Chelyabinsk region championship in match racing (matchrace) of level IV grade in the category of the International Sailing Federation ISAF was held in Irtyash in the city of Ozersk [17] .
See also
- Marine units of the Russian National Guard
- Kyshtym accident
- Berdenish
Notes
- ↑ Map sheet N-41-2 . Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the terrain for 1987. 1988 edition
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A.V. Izmailova. Irtyash . - An article from the popular science encyclopedia Water of Russia.
- ↑ 1 2 State Water Register . Irtyash . textual.ru . Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia (March 29, 2009). Date of treatment December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Irtyash // Chelyabinsk Region: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. K. N. Bochkarev. - Chelyabinsk: Kamen. Belt, 2008. T. 2. - D — I. - S. 618-619. - ISBN 978-5-88771-072-3
- ↑ Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Understanding. T. 11. The Middle Urals and the Urals. Vol. 2. Tobol / ed. V.V. Nikolaenko. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1965 .-- 240 p.
- ↑ Irtyash // Dictionary of names of hydrographic objects of Russia and other countries - members of the CIS / ed. G.I. Donidze. - M .: Kartgeotsentr - Geodezizdat, 1999. - S. 150. - ISBN 5-86066-017-0 .
- ↑ Data obtained using the Public Cadastral Map on the official website of Rosreestr .
- ↑ Shuvalov N.I. Irtyash // From Paris to Berlin on a map of the Chelyabinsk Region: Toponymic Dictionary. - 2nd ed., Revised and supplemented. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural Book Publishing House, 1989. - 160 p. - ISBN ISBN 5-7688-0157-7 .
- ↑ Chupin N.K. Geographical and statistical dictionary of the Perm province / Arakul, mountain //. Perm: Popova Printing House, 1873 .-- 577 p. (Volume I, p. 26-27).
- ↑ Vyazovka, river // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Akleev A.V., Podtyosov G.N. et al. Chelyabinsk Region: liquidation of consequences of radiation accidents. / 2nd ed., Rev. and additional .. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural Book Publishing House, 2006. - S. 6, 14-23, 46-50. - 344 p. - ISBN ISBN 5-7688-0954-6 .
- ↑ Lake Frontier. Kaslinsky district . up74.ru. Date of treatment June 10, 2019. // Article of 10/14/2010 Newspaper Yuzhnouralskaya Panorama .
- ↑ Kryshev I.I., Ryazantsev E.P. Ecological safety of the nuclear power complex of Russia // M .: Publishing House. - 2000. - 382 p. ISBN 5-86656-097-6 . (S. 175-178)
- ↑ History of the formation of radioactive contamination in the South Urals // Atlas of the EURT / Institute of Global Climate and Ecology of Roshydromet and RAS , Infosfera Foundation, National Information Agency "Natural Resources".
- ↑ Half-life of plans. The construction of the South Ural NPP is again delayed . rg.ru. Date of treatment June 10, 2019. // Article of August 25, 2011, Rossiyskaya Gazeta . V. Vasin.
- ↑ Rychkov, 1762 , p. 218-219.
- ↑ From the Turgoyak water area - to the Irtyash Lake . newsmiass.ru. - News and Information Agency "NewsMiass.ru". Miass Date of treatment June 10, 2016.
Literature
- Rychkov Peter Ivanovich . Topography Orenburg, part I. - SPb. : Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences , 1762. - 331 p. Archived December 22, 2015 on Wayback Machine
- Irtyash // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Irtyash // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Links
- Photo of Irtyash Lake . kpy4ok.livejournal.com . Date of treatment June 10, 2019.
- Photo Irtyash (Ozersk) . plus.google.com Date of treatment June 10, 2019.
- Ichthyofauna of Irtyash Lake
- Irtyash settlements of Itkul culture