Russian-Byzantine Treaty (911)

In the year 911 (the year of treaty 6420 was incorrectly entered, therefore not 912, but 911 ^[1] ), according to the chronicle data, Prince Oleg sent his people to the Greeks to make peace with them and establish an agreement between Russia and Byzantium. The contract was concluded on September 2, 911 between the two parties:

• Russia: Prince Oleg and his subordinates to the bright and great princes and the great boyars, who were represented by 15 ambassadors: Carla, Inegeld, Farlaf, Veremud, Rulav, Guda, Ruald, Karn, Frelav, Ruar, Aktevu, Truan, Lidoul, Faust, Stemid.
• Byzantium: only three emperors are mentioned - Leo VI , his brother Alexander , and the son of Leo Constantine ^[2] .

As M.F. Vladimirsky-Budanov writes, this agreement reached us completely with the entire basic contractual structure: with the initial formula (“a copy of another certificate”), the final oath (“sealed it with an oath ...”) and the date designation (“the month of September 2, indiction 15, in the year since the creation of the world 6420 ") ^[3] . He regulated the criminal and civil relations between the Russians and the Greeks.

According to S. V. Yushkov , this agreement (like the agreements 907, 945, 971, 1043) is a monument to the strong economic, political and cultural ties of the ancient Russian state with Byzantium. Thanks to such legal documents, it is possible to establish the level of legal awareness and legal thought IX — X century. ^[four]

The treaty established friendly relations between Byzantium and Russia, determined the procedure for the redemption of prisoners, the penalties for criminal offenses committed by Greek and Russian merchants in Byzantium, the rules of litigation and inheritance, created favorable conditions for trade for Russians and Greeks, changed the coastal law. From now on, instead of capturing a ship stranded on the shore and its property, shore owners undertook to assist in their rescue.

Also, under the terms of the contract, Russian merchants received the right to live in Constantinople for half a year, the empire pledged to maintain them during this time at the expense of the treasury. They were granted the right to duty-free trade in Byzantium. And the possibility of hiring Russians for military service in Byzantium was also allowed.

• Treaties of Russia with Byzantium
• Russian-Byzantine Treaty (907)
• Russian-Byzantine Treaty of 944
• Russian-Byzantine Treaty (971)
• Russian-Byzantine war of 907
• Russian law
• Russian law
• Russian Truth

• Bibikov M. V. Rus in Byzantine Diplomacy: Treaties of Russia with the Greeks of the 10th Century // Ancient Russia. Questions of medieval studies . - 2005. - № 1 (19). - p. 5-15.
• Vladimirsky-Budanov MF Review of the history of Russian law. - K. — SPb .: Publishing House N. Ya. Ogloblin, 1900. - 681 p.
• Monuments of Russian Law / Ed. S.V. Yushkova. - M .: Gosyuridizdat, 1952. - Vol. 1. Monuments of the law of the Kievan state X — XII centuries. - 304 s.
• Tale of Bygone Years / Ed. V.P. Adrianova-Peretz. - M. —L .: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1950. - Part 1. Texts and translation. - 405 s .; Part 2. Applications. - 559 s.
• Falaleeva, I. N. Politiko — The Legal System of Ancient Russia of the 9th — 11th Centuries - Volgograd: Volgograd State University Publishing House, 2003. - 164 p.
• Yushkov S.V. Social and political system and the law of the Kiev state. - Moscow: State Legal Bureau, 1949. - 544 p.

• Text of the Russian-Byzantine Treaty of 911 in Wikisource (original and Russian translation)
• Russian-Byzantine Treaty of 911 . 911 year. The project of the Russian military-historical society "100 main documents of Russian history."