Makovetsky, Fedor Efremovich

Born February 25, 1899 in the village of Bogdanovka, now Tolochinsky district, Vitebsk region , Belarus. He graduated from 8 classes of the Kokhanovskaya school .

In the Red Army since 1919, he fought on the Southern Front, in 1920 - on the Western. In 1923 he participated in the struggle against the Basmachis . Awarded with honorary weapons ^[2] . In 1925 he graduated from the courses of military commanders, in 1926 - the combined military school. Lenin in Tashkent, and in 1935 - courses "Shot" . From 1927 to 1937 he served in the border troops of the NKVD (in the 37th Batumi border detachment). After graduating from the Higher Border School, he taught tactics and topography at the Saratov Military School of the NKVD of the USSR (in 1938-1941) ^[3] . He was awarded the jubilee medal "XX years of the Red Army" .

During the Great Patriotic War

Major Makovetsky began participating in the hostilities as part of the border troops. Then, as the commander of the battalion of the 289th infantry regiment of the 13th motorized infantry division of the NKVD internal troops, he participated in the Kharkov operation , held defense in the area of ​​the city of Izum and the Seversky Donets River . After heavy fighting in the area of ​​the city of Kupyansk , the departure of the Don river, defensive battles along the Khoper River, due to heavy losses, the division was withdrawn to Tesnitsky camps (25 km north of the city of Tula) for reformation. The division became part of the Red Army, received the name of the 95th Rifle Division (2nd formation) ^[4] and was sent to the defense of the city of Stalingrad as part of the 62nd Army ^[5] .

During the defense of Stalingrad, Major F. Makovetsky first commanded a training battalion, then the acting commander of the 161st Infantry Regiment was appointed. Mamaev defended the mound , fought in the area of ​​the factories "Barricades" and "Red October". The division commander, Colonel Gorishny V.A. gave him the following description ^[2] :

Well disciplined, energetic, competent commander. In the battles for the city of Stalingrad from 09/18/1942 he showed a personal restraint of calm and courage. He quickly mastered the features of the regiment and the environment in which he was, and ensured successful actions with his daily, personal hard work.

In one of the offensive battles, when a threatening situation developed on the regiment’s site, being in the units, he corrected the shortcomings and restored his position by personal calm and confidence and ensured the fulfillment of the task. The personnel of the regiment, solving a number of difficult tasks, during the battles showed stamina and high combat training, destroyed hundreds of enemy soldiers and officers, more than ten tanks and a number of other equipment.

For the defense of Stalingrad, the 95th Infantry Division was transformed into the 75th Guards Division , and F. Makovetsky was awarded the Order of the Red Star . In these battles he was wounded and shell-shocked, but the regiment did not leave.

Since July 6, 1943, in the region of Ponyri - Olkhovatka, commanding the 231st Guards Rifle Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel F. Makovetsky has been participating in battles to repel the German offensive on the Kursk Bulge , and then to defeat and pursue the enemy.

During the battles with the advancing enemy in the Oryol-Kursk direction, he showed examples of courage, courage and stamina. July 6, having entered into contact with the enemy and performing the task of command, comrade Makovetsky led the regiment on the offensive and, breaking the resistance of superior enemy forces, forced the latter to retreat, delving into his orders up to 4 kilometers. On July 6, the regiment was counterattacked from the flank by 2 enemy regiments with the support of up to 100 tanks. The counterattack was repulsed, and the enemy suffered heavy losses in manpower and equipment. In the period from July 7 to 10, having switched to stiff defense, the regiment firmly holds the defended area.

On July 7, being at the forefront of the regiment's defense and inspiring the fighters to battle with the enemy, he personally captured the German corporal. In five days of battles, the regiment destroyed up to 7 enemy battalions, 81 tanks were destroyed and burned, 9 attacks and 4 counterattacks were repelled ^[6] .

Makovetsky was wounded, but did not leave the battlefield, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner .

In the fall of 1943, the 231st Guards Rifle Regiment, operating in the Kiev direction as part of the 75th Guards Rifle Division of the 30th Rifle Corps of the 60th Army ,

successfully pursuing the enemy, destroying its rearguard units, took possession of the settlement of Yevminki, located off the coast of the Desna River. Lt. Col. Makovetsky bypassed from the flank to the east bank of the Desna River. Despite the bombardment from the air, using improvised means for the crossing, he crossed the Desna River on 21/09/1943 and, having come out to its western bank, secured himself, thereby ensuring the crossing of all parts of the division.

September 24, 1943, using improvised means, under the guise of 212 and 241 guards joint ventures, crossed the Dnieper River.

During these operations, Lt. Col. Makovetsky showed initiative, courage and the ability to overcome water lines ^[7] .

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 17, 1943, for successfully crossing the Dnieper River north of Kiev, firmly securing the bridgehead on the western bank of the Dnieper River, and showing courage and heroism of the guard, Lieutenant Colonel Makovetsky Fedor Efremovich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and a medal The Golden Star ” ^[8] .

In 1944, Lieutenant Colonel F. Makovetsky commanded the 825th Rifle Tarnopol Red Banner Regiment of the 302nd Rifle Tarnopol Red Banner Order of the Kutuzov Division .

In the battles for the liberation of Poland in August 1944

breaks through the enemy’s fortified defense in the vicinity of the village of Volya Meletska and in subsequent offensive battles from August 19 to 23, 1944, in the direction of M. Debitz, it goes north-west of Debica on 23.8.1944. At the time of the breakthrough of the defense, despite the superior enemy forces, the defense was broken through, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy, while incurring much less losses. In subsequent offensive battles, repulsing the enemy’s tank counterattacks several times a day, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy each time and moving forward, the regiment occupied s. Strashentsyn northwest of Debica , moreover, the task was completed ahead of schedule, thereby making it possible for neighboring units to occupy M. Debitz with much smaller losses.

These successes were achieved thanks to skillful action, the proper organization of the battle, the courage and courage of Comrade. Makovetsky, who was almost always in the battle formations of his units ^[9] .

For the skillful and excellent performance of combat missions and the courage and bravery shown at the same time, Lt. Col. Makovetsky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner .

In the spring of 1945, liberating Czechoslovakia, the 825th Infantry Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Makovetsky, “broke through the deeply layered enemy defenses at the approaches to the mountains. Opava (Troppau). Acting in the main direction, breaking through the enemy’s defenses in the area of ​​the Resnitz settlement and moving forward, waging heavy battles with a stubbornly resisting and superior enemy, the 825th SP seized the large settlement of Oldrichov and the village of Pusta-Yakortitsa at the near approaches to the city of Opava , repelling several times a day the strong counterattacks of the enemy infantry and tanks ” ^[10] . Lieutenant Colonel Makovetsky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner .

In this battle, F. Makovetsky was seriously injured, his leg was amputated, and it took two years for treatment in hospitals.

Post-war years

Since 1947, the Guard Lieutenant Colonel F. Makovetsky in stock. He lived and worked in the village of Kokhanovo, Tolochinsky district, Vitebsk region of Belarus. He died on May 7, 1974.

• Gold Star Medal No. 1889 Hero of the Soviet Union (October 17, 1943);
• Order of Lenin ;
• four orders of the Red Banner ;
• Order of the Red Star ;
• medals.

• In the training center of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine "Desna" a bust of the Hero is installed.

• Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov . - M .: Military Publishing , 1988. - T. 2 / Love - Yashchuk /. - 863 s. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2 .
• The Dnieper is a river of heroes. - 2nd ed., Ext. - Kiev: Publ. watered Lit of Ukraine, 1988. - ISBN 5-319-00085-5 .
• About the war and comrades. Collection of memories. - Krasnograd: JSC "KMP", 1996. - 208 p. with ill. - 950 copies.
• Charashvili I.G. On the Mamaev Kurgan (memories of the Battle of Stalingrad). - Tbilisi: Tbilisi University Press, 1975 .-- 38 p. with ill. - 1000 copies.
• Kapitonov E.G. The fall of the Citadel. - Kingisep: Kingisep Printing House, 1996.— 116 p. with ill. - 500 copies.

• Makovetsky, Fedor Efremovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".
• Makovetsky F.E.
• Photos from the archive of F. E. Makovetsky .
• Tarnopol Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Rifle Division .