Journalism ( English Churnalism ) - a type of journalism , which is characterized by the use of press releases , news agencies and other forms of finished materials to create articles in newspapers and other media without additional research or verification to save time and financial costs [1 ] . Journalism has spread to such an extent that a significant portion of the press is not original. The decline in original journalism is associated with a corresponding increase in PR [2] .
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Distribution
British journalist Nick Davis, in his book Flat Earth News, spoke about a study conducted at Cardiff University by Professor Justin Lewis and a group of researchers who found that 80% of the articles in the solid British press were not original and only 12% of the material was created by reporters [2] . As a result, quality and accuracy are reduced, as articles are subject to manipulation and distortion.
The introduction of the term is attributed to BBC journalist Vasim Zakir [3] . According to him, the tendency to this form of journalism is associated with reporters who become more responsive to events and less proactive when searching for news: “You receive newsletters from agencies, and reporters stamp it, processing material and, possibly, adding quotation marks to random places. This affects every news department in the country, and reporters become journalists ” [4] .
The author of an article in the British Journalism Review on this subject called this trend fatal for current journalism, “a harbinger of the end of news journalism as we know it; the coroner's verdict can be only one - suicide ” [5] . Others, such as Peter Preston , a former editor of The Guardian , considered this problem to be exaggerated, noting that there was never a golden age of journalism in which reporters would not be exposed to such an impact [6] .
In 2011, the Daily Mail reported that, signed by former editor of The Sun and News of the World, Rebecca Brooks, “dozens, if not hundreds of editorials, were written by PR people. They made up a headline and a note, and The Sun and News of the World published it. Meanwhile, respectable materials from reputable journalists were buried deep inside the newspaper ” [7] .
Journalism is found not only in newspapers. For example, this term was used to designate the book Free of the chief editor of Wired magazine Chris Anderson , who, when writing it, widely applied the method of “processing” of other people's texts, including from Wikipedia [8] [9] . Psychiatrist David Healy criticized the use of materials written by "nameless" authors in scientific journals [10] .
Notes
- ↑ Pavel Kotlyar. “Journalism is such a form of journalism” . Infox.ru (May 11, 2011). Date of treatment January 28, 2012. Archived September 11, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Yuri Baturin. News from a flat earth . New newspaper (December 8, 2010). Date of treatment January 28, 2012. Archived September 11, 2012.
- ↑ Wahl-Jorgensen, Karin. The Handbook of Journalism Studies. - Taylor & Francis, 2008 .-- ISBN 1410618064 .
- ↑ Harcup, Tony. Journalism: principles & practice . - 2004. - P. 3-4. - ISBN 9780761974994 .
- ↑ Trivia pursuit // British Journalism Review. - March 2008. - Vol. 19, No. 1 . - P. 3-4. - DOI : 10.1177 / 0956474808090188 .
- ↑ Wasserman, Herman. The dangers of 'churnalism' (English) . Marketingweb (June 30, 2008). Date of treatment January 28, 2012.
- ↑ Insider reveals: 'PR men would think up a story and Rebekah's Sun and News of the World would run it, word for word. Some were complete fiction ' . Mail Online (July 9, 2011). Date of treatment January 28, 2012. Archived September 11, 2012.
- ↑ Orlowski, Andrew. WiReD editor 'fesses to churnalism . The Register (June 25, 2009). Date of treatment January 28, 2012. Archived September 11, 2012.
- ↑ Kellogg, Carolyn. 'Free' plagiarism charge frames Internet content debate . latimes.com (June 25, 2009). Date of treatment January 28, 2012. Archived September 11, 2012.
- ↑ Fine, Philip. Professor admits to ghost-written paper . University World News (August 30, 2009). Date of treatment January 28, 2012.
Literature
- Davies, Nick. Flat Earth News. - Chatto and Windus, 2008 .-- 408 p. - ISBN 9780701181451 .