Non-verbal communication ( body language ) is a communication interaction between individuals without the use of words (transmitting information or influencing each other through images, intonations , gestures , facial expressions , pantomimics , changing the communication scenes ), that is, without speech and language means presented directly or some sign form. An instrument of such “communication” is the human body , which has a wide range of means and methods of transmitting information or exchanging it, which includes all forms of self - expression of a person. A common working name that is used among people is non-verbal or “ body language ”. Psychologists believe that the correct interpretation of non-verbal signals is the most important condition for effective communication.
Knowledge of the language of gestures and body movements allows not only to better understand the interlocutor, but also (more importantly) to predict what impression he will make before he speaks on this occasion. In other words, such a wordless language can warn you about whether you should change your behavior or do something else to achieve the desired result [1] .
The concept of non-verbal communication
There are two problems understanding non-verbal communication:
- firstly, in linguistic and verbal communication, the process of transmitting and receiving information is realized by both parties, while in non-verbal communication it is carried out at the unconscious or subconscious levels - this introduces some complication in understanding this phenomenon and raises the question of the justification for using the concept of “communication”. Therefore, some consider it acceptable to use, when it comes to non-verbal communication, another concept of “non-verbal behavior”, understanding it as the behavior of an individual that carries certain information in itself, regardless of whether the individual is aware of it or not;
- secondly, in many scientific works there is confusion in the concepts of “non-verbal communication”, “non-verbal communication”, and “non-verbal behavior”, which are most often used as synonyms. However, it is important to separate these concepts and clarify the context. According to the definition proposed by V. A. Labunskaya, “non-verbal communication is a type of communication that is characterized by the use of non-verbal behavior and non-verbal communication as the main means of transmitting information, organizing interaction, forming an image and concept of a partner, and influencing another of man. " Then the concept of “non-verbal communication” is broader than the concept of “non-verbal communication”.
The Origin of Non-Verbal Communication Methods
Both firmly established truths and questions to which there are still no answers are associated with this problem. It has been established that non-verbal methods of communication have two types of source of origin:
- biological evolution;
- culture.
Non-Verbal Code Functions
Non-verbal means of communication are needed in order to:
- regulate the course of the communication process, create psychological contact between partners;
- enrich the meanings conveyed by words, guide the interpretation of the verbal text;
- express emotions and reflect the interpretation of the situation;
- help in educational activities;
- communicate your consent or disagreement.
- communicate with the deaf and hard of hearing.
Non-verbal component and its structure
Nonverbal Communication Analysis Levels
| Types and types of communications | Areas of Scientific Knowledge and Groups | Receptions and means |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Background means | a) extralinguistics (non-speech system) |
|
| 2. Optical-kinetic facilities | a) expressive movements |
|
| 3. Sign-symbolic means | a) systemology |
|
| 4. Tactile means ( sense of smell , touch , hearing and taste ) | a) haptic or taksik |
|
| 5. Spatial and temporary means | a) proxemic |
|
Factors Affecting Non-Verbal Signs
- national and cultural features;
- health status;
- professional etiquette ;
- social status;
- belonging to a certain age group.
See also
- Conversation
- Sign languages
- Sign language
- Kinesika
- Paralinguistics
- Russian sign language
- Diving Signals
Notes
- ↑ Goryanina V. A. Psychology of Communication - M.: Publishing Center "Academy" - 2002. - 416 p.
Literature
- Bagdasarova N. A.: Non-verbal forms of expression of emotions in the context of different cultures: universal and national // Materials of the interuniversity seminar on linguistic studies. MGIMOMID RF, 2006. - MGIMO University, 2006.
- Birkenbil V.: The language of intonation, facial expressions, gestures. - S.-P.: “Peter”, 1997. - 176 p.
- Borozdina G.V .: Psychology of business communication .- M.: “Business Book”., 1998. - 247 p. Chapter V. Non-verbal features in the process of business communication.
- Gorelov I.N .: Non-verbal components of communication. - M .: "Science", 1980. - 238 p.
- Konetskaya V.P .: Sociology of communication. - M .: MUBU, 1997 .-- 164 p.
- Labunskaya V. A.: Non-verbal behavior (socio-perceptual approach) . - Rostov-on-Don: “Phoenix”, 1988. - 246 p.
- Belinskaya E.P., Tikhomandritskaya O.A .: Social Psychology . Reader: Textbook for university students. M: Aspect Press, 2003 .-- 475 p. ISBN 5-7567-0236-9
- Morozov V.P .: The art and science of communication: non-verbal communication . - M.: IP RAS, Center "Art and Science", 1998. - 189 p.
Links
- P. S. Tumarkin “On the non-verbal aspect of oral communication between Russians and Japanese”
- Useful Tips for Beginners
- Body language (how to read minds in gestures), Allan Pease
- Eye contact is the key to successful communication
- Language of political movements, Vit Tsenev
- Non-verbal language and thinking