Tiflis Military School

The Tiflis Cadet Infantry School was originally founded, according to the Provision on the New Training of Military Personnel, on July 14, 1864, by the Governor of the Caucasus, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich Romanov (the son of Emperor Nicholas I), as a cadet school. From January 16, 1866, when Yeremia Gevorkovich Artsruni was in office (in December 1866 he was elected mayor), a temporary cadet school was founded from the cadet school. But in June 1866, the Highest command followed the establishment of the cadet infantry school in the city of Tiflis on September 1, and already on November 8, 1866 a full teaching staff was recruited, the cadet staff was determined to be 200 people, and the military school consisted of one company. From this date, the school is based for further training of junkers and production in officers after a full course of study. The school is currently located in a stone building, which still exists today. The emergence of the school is directly connected with the military reform of D. A. Milyutin ^[1] due to which universal military service was introduced in 1874 ^[2] . New transformations were aimed at freeing the account. institutions from premature specialization, thus expanding the educational program in the spirit of the overall and comprehensive development of the individual. What subsequently led to a significant rise in the mental level and moral development of the officer corps of the Russian Army .

The Tiflis Junker School set as its task the training of officers from volunteers , as well as students from other educational institutions who have reached the age of 17 and admitted by the qualification commission to training. For according to the reforms from that time on, the cadet course of the schools became obligatory for all without exception. Otherwise, they were equated according to the length of service to non-commissioned officers , recruited for recruitment , and since 1868, the production of officers in the lower ranks was ceased to be officers for long years. However, it should be said about this form of obtaining the officer's rank, as the production of officers in the reserve. Those with higher and secondary education who passed the preferential exam had the right to do so. Which twice within 6 years are required to serve military charges lasting at least 6 months.

At the beginning of the course in the Tiflis school lasted only 2 years, and those who had certificates at the end of secondary schools (real schools; class gymnasiums) could go directly to the senior class, immediately to the 2nd course.

In the junior class , mostly general subjects were taught - the law of God, Russian, German and French; mathematics, physics and chemistry (initial information); drawing, geography and history.

In the senior, special class, the volume and content of special education was dictated by the knowledge and skills necessary to command the whole battalion ; here they studied tactics, military manuals, military topography; field fortification, information about weapons; about military administration, military legal proceedings, military geography, military hygiene, hippology (the science of horses).

The Tiflis infantry cadet school has, since its inception, established itself as an institution that gives its graduates strong comprehensive knowledge. The basis of the school’s educational process was the training and educational work of cadets under the guidance of civilian teachers and officers from the current Army who had combat experience and distinguished themselves in military service, this practice carried out throughout the entire period of training allowed educating high spiritual patriotic qualities aimed at love and loyalty to their homeland - the Russian Empire .

The educational process was carried out both on the territory of the school, in classrooms and sports halls, and in the field areas close to the actual conditions of service. At camp time the cadets were attributed to the nearest military units. In 1879, a camp near the village of Surami was opened specifically for the school , the direction of the cadets for camp time to the troops was discontinued.

On September 1, 1901 ^{[3] the} Tiflis Cadet School switched to a 3-year course of study, the general goal of such changes was the need to give the cadets complete general education, and two special ones in which military subjects were studied according to the in-depth program of military schools. ^[four]

At the end of the course, the cadets returned to their units in the rank of sword belt-cadets and were made officers on the recommendation of the authorities. At the same time, issued on the 1st category were made after the camp collection on the proposal of the authorities, regardless of the presence in the regiment of vacancies, and issued on the 2nd category - only for vacancies. ^[five]

"Graduates who completed the full course of the cadet school were made on the following grounds:

• a) those who completed the course in the 1st category, that is, having 10 points on average, are issued by second lieutenants with one year of seniority;
• b) on the 2nd category, that is, having on average not less than 7 points, are issued by second lieutenants with the seniority from the date of issue;
• c) on the 3rd category, that is, not satisfying the requirements of the 2nd category, are issued to the troops by non-commissioned officers (commanders) with the right of production as lieutenants (cornets and cornet) without examination, not earlier than 1 year after the production of their comrades school and only for vacancies, even if not in their parts.

Those who graduated in the 1st grade become after the 1st grade of military schools, and graduated from the 2nd for the 2nd grade of military schools. All graduates of the school on the 1st and 2nd categories are given a clothing allowance in the amount of 300 rubles. Those who graduated from the course on the third category are given a benefit in the amount of 50 rubles, and the remaining 250 rubles are given to them in the production of officers. ”

- “Universal Calendar” 1909. Exit. P.P.Soykina

The Tiflis Military Cadet School has always been a well-known and prestigious educational institution in Russia, therefore most of the cadets were children from intelligent and educated families. But due to ongoing reforms and an increase in the recruiting contingent of the Russian Imperial Army , the lack of commanders became apparent, and therefore the number of cadets of military schools increased several times, which led to the fact that the proportion of children from officer families, noble families, honorary citizens and clergy tended to decline, and the proportion of people from peasants and bourgeois to growth, finally making up more than a quarter of all officers and military doctors and almost 60% of military officials.

From the first days of the First World War, there was a problem of staffing the unfolding army with officers. Even before the mobilization of the armed forces, the shortage of officer ranks was about 3 thousand people, after bringing the army into the military, the shortage doubled. The very first battles showed that the losses among the officers would be huge. → ^[6]

With excellent officers, Russia entered the First World War ^[7] , but, alas, during the first two years of hostilities, most of the personnel officers were knocked out. And of course the staff, and the state of the Russian officer corps has not changed for the better. On the example of the 13th Erivan Regiment ( Caucasian Grenadier Division ), the 3rd part of the commanding staff of which were graduates of the Tiflis Military School - one can judge the losses of the officer corps of the Russian Imperial Army in the Great War . → ^[8]

Therefore, at the insistence of the Minister of War V. A. Sukhomlinov to reduce the period of training for an officer in military schools, from 1914 the school was transferred to an accelerated 4-month training course officer with assignment of a military rank of ensign .

In order to realize the whole tragedy of the situation, let us cite the text of a telegram sent to October 20, 1915 by K. N. Desino, head of the 71st division, General Zayonchkovsky :

"All the officers who had arrived so far to recruit regiments, as the combat experience and long conversations with them showed, found out that they,

• firstly, they have no idea about controlling fire in battle, that is, they are not familiar with combat shooting,
• secondly, they are completely unfamiliar with bayonet combat and,
• thirdly, they do not know how to act when the adversary bypasses or covers them.

Quite often, they anxiously report that they are being embraced by the enemy, that they will soon be surrounded, and so on. They not only do not know this business practically, which is the most important thing, but theoretically they are not familiar with these issues. Meanwhile, recently all ensigns arriving to recruit regiments almost immediately receive companies, not rarely in battle itself, and therefore their practical training on these three issues is one of the main departments of their training. ”

- Inspection trips to military schools of Major General B. D. Adamovich in 1915 - 1916.

From the troops for the purpose of inspection checks and the development of urgent measures to eliminate the shortcomings listed above, at the end of 1915, General B.V. Adamovich was seconded, who at one time earned a reputation as an outstanding military educator.

Here's how to describe the events of 17g. graduated in 1912 and the officer officer of the TMBU Konstantin Popov .

“In military schools, the permanent staff of officers was replaced by officers from the front, and I was among the substitute. The head of the school at that time was General Staff Major General Zagyu , at which I was a cadet, and who personally knew me. Upon arrival at the school, I was appointed as a course officer at the 7th level. Dep. in the first company to the captain Orlovsky ( Mingrelsky regiment ). At the school I met with many of my fellow peers, now representatives of various regiments of the Russian Army. Most of them were the St. George Knights, all repeatedly wounded and weathered in a combat situation. There was also my former platoon leader Esaul Prihitko, an excellent officer and hero, whom the 3rd Plastun battalion is proud of. I immediately met two of my odnorotnikov and peers for the release - Cuban - Arsenashvili and the Caucasian arrow Miroshkin, the glory of the exploits and valor of which will forever live in the hearts of those who knew them. Of the staff officers, almost no one was left, and the head of the school was preparing to receive a higher appointment to the front.

The course of study at the school was 4 months, after which junkers were made to ensigns and dismantled vacancies on spare shelves. For such a short period of time, in the past, the junkers were barely beginning to be allowed on leave, because it was believed that such a period was necessary for the assimilation of basic knowledge for the lower military rank. Now, in the same period, none other than the company commander was to be prepared. Impossible task. The grudge of the day at the time of my arrival at the school was the report of General Adamovich , who had just been conducting an inspection inspection at the school shortly before. The report was very unflattering and produced a kind of coup. General Adamovich gave instructions to very valuable teaching methods, mainly in the field - by showing, and now all the training was conducted, and it was for them that gave brilliant results. ”

- Russian army in the Great War: Memoirs of a Caucasian Grenadier

In June 1917, after the draft of the once popular War Minister Kerensky was drafted, a shock company of 145 people was formed in the school under the direction of the aforementioned lieutenant Konstantin Popov . The residents of Tiflis, who had not yet arrived at the front, could distinguish themselves by arresting and nearly shooting (at that time) the main representative of the government, the commissar of the Southwestern Front, Savinkov, the head of the Combat Organization of the Social Revolutionary Party, revolutionaries , so the company ’s counter-revolutionary activities were disbanded and returned to Tiflis. Thus, in the words of K. Popov , “this was the end of the mediocre venture of the chairman of the Provisional Government of Kerensky ” ^[9] .

The further fate of the Tiflis Military School is directly connected with the October Revolution , after which the entire system of military education in Russia was abolished ^[10] , officially in 1918 the school was closed, but in fact the school leadership did not obey the order to disband and continued its activities, after May 1918 - the Georgian Democratic Republic until 1921 the establishment of Soviet power .

In 1921, the Junker of the Tiflis Mikhailovsky Infantry School , headed by the head of the school, Alexander Davidovich Chkheidze, took part in battles against regular units of the Red Army . ^[eleven]

Association of Tiflis E. E. V. Vel. Prince Mikhail Nikolaevich military school in exile. (1930)

"I. Unification in France

The chairman of the Association is Lt. Gen. Georgy Bezhanovich Anguladze (Issue 1887) ^[12] .

The Board consists of: a) constantly, as b. officers, teachers and junker of old issues: Major General A. I. Matafanov ^[13] . (1886), Colonel V. K. Zrodlovsky ^[14] . (Company commander), d. .with. N. M. Turbovich (teacher), Colonel V. L. Gamrekeli ^[15] . (1896), and b) on election for 1930: Colonels A.I. Safonov (1902), L.I. Ivanov (1905), A.G. Savchenko (1909) and headquarters -captain V.N. Brailovsky (1916). In the Audit Commission - Col. F. S. Buchbinder (1905), Captain N. A. Pavlov (1914) and Esaul L. I. Sokolovsky (1916). When merging there is a mutual aid Cashier. The correspondence should be addressed to the secretary of the Association: A. Savtchko, 5, ré des Conbelis, Ragis 13.

Ii. Society in Yugoslavia.

The society is governed by a general meeting and specially selected for a period of one year on the day of the School holiday - November 8, Art. Art. - the board. Currently, the board consists of: Chairman —General-Leith. 3. A. Martynov ^[16] . - Belgrade, st. Prote Matei, 3. Secretary - Colonel Gener. The headquarters of I. S. Petrov-Denisov. - Belgrade, st. Kotorska, 7.

Treasurer - Regiment. P.A. Gavrilova. - Belgrade, st. Gartwig 48. "

- “Army and Navy” - in / Ref. by ed. VV Orekhova and Evgeny Tarusa. Ed. "Hourly".

Chronology of events

• 1864 - The Tiflis Cadet Infantry School was originally founded, according to the Provision on the New Training of Military Personnel, on July 14, 1864, the Governor of the Caucasus, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich Romanov (the son of Emperor Nicholas I), as a cadet school. The cadet staff is defined as 50 people, and the school building itself did not yet exist, since the cadet school was located in another building. School holiday - November 8th. Motto: "Life is king, the heart is lady, honor is self!"
• 1865 - Reception started. Duration of training is 2 years. To receive admitted volunteers and cadets from the troops. At camp time, the cadets were seconded to the nearest military units, and at the end of the course they returned to their units in the rank of purse-cadets and were made officers at the suggestion of the authorities.
• 1866 - From January 16, 1866, when Yeremia Gevorkovich Artsruni was in office (in December 1866 was elected the mayor), a temporary cadet school was founded from the cadet school. Но в июне 1866 года последовало Высочайшее повеление на учреждение в городе Тифлисе с 1 сентября юнкерского пехотного училища, и уже 8 ноября 1866 года был набран полный преподавательский штат, состав юнкеров определен в 200 человек, а в строевом отношении училище составило одну роту. С этой даты училище является основанным для последующего обучения юнкеров и производства в офицеры после полного курса обучения. Училище к этому моменту расположено в каменном здании, которое существует и по настоящее время. ^[17]
• 1871 год — Штат юнкеров определен уже 300 человек, две роты. рота .
• 1879 г. — для училища открыт лагерь у п. Сурами , направление юнкеров на лагерное время в войска было прекращено.
• 1891 г. 8 ноября Тифлисское юнкерское училище торжественно отметило своё 25—летие. ^[18]
• 1901 г. училище было переформировано; причем открыто 3 класса. Училище перешло на 3 -х годичный курс обучения.
• 1903 год — 27 января 1903 года училищу пожаловано простое Знамя образца 1900 года. Кайма белая, шитье золотое. Навершие образца 1857 года (гвардейское). Древко черное. Изображен Спас Нерукотворный. Судьба знамени неизвестна. Прибивка знамени состоялась летом (июнь) 1905 года.
• 1910 - In connection with the reorganization of the Tiflis Cadet Infantry School, a simple 1900 Standard Banner was granted. Light blue border, gold embroidery. The top sample of 1857 (Guards). The shaft is black. Pictured the Savior. The fate of the banner is unknown. Previously granted banner at the school selected.
• 1904 and 1905 years. in connection with the Russo-Japanese War , an accelerated release of officers was made.

World War I

• Before the First World War , there were 4 companies in the school, 11 junior officers, 400 full-time junkers, and 31 supernumerals.
• Since the beginning of the First World State School has been increased to 700 junkers
• November 29, 1914 Emperor Nicholas II visited the School during his visit to Tiflis . To the cadets, the Sovereign said an amazing speech imbued with pure Christian love. Two days later, the cadets became officers. The school presented itself exemplary. The sovereign thanked both the junkers and the officers. ^[nineteen]
• Since 1914, due to the lack of a commanding staff in the current Army, the school has moved to an accelerated training officer (4 months) with the assignment of the military rank of ensign .

Drummers

• In June 1917, a shock company of 145 people was formed at the school . Sending to the front was held in a solemn atmosphere in the presence of the mayor of Tiflis Khatisov, many relatives and citizens.
  • In July 1917, a company of drummers on the orders of a gene. Kornilov participated in restoring order at the Proskurovsky railway junction, thereby eliminating riots and the movement of deserters. With the departure of General Kornilov from the post of Commander-in-Chief, the company arrived at the disposal of the commander of the 23rd Army Corps, General Promptov, on the Romanian front , where, by order of the Provisional Government, the strike battalion was disbanded.
    • On August 31, 1917, the company returned to Tiflis, where it was disbanded with the note “for counter-revolutionary activities” ^[9]

Russian Civil War

• June 15, 1918 Tiflis Mikhailovsky Military School was transferred to the office of the Georgian government. This order was followed by the order to the former Russian officers to take off their shoulder straps and hand over their weapons. ^[20]
• In February 1921 , the junker of the Tiflis Mikhailovsky Infantry School , headed by the head of the school, Alexander Davidovich Chkheidze, took part in battles against regular units of the Red Army .
  • After February 25, 1921 , the school, due to the abolition of the Georgian Democratic Republic, ceased to exist, and later on the basis of the school, the Red Army artillery courses were opened.

Chiefs

• 05/29/1881-23.11.1889 - Lieutenant Colonel (since March 28, 1882 - Colonel) Shatilov Nikolay Pavlovich
• 01/07/1890-September 1892 - Colonel Orlov, Vladimir Alexandrovich
• 08.22.1894-29.06.1899 - Colonel Kolyubakin, Alexey Mikhailovich
• 08/28/1899-16.01.1901 - Colonel Vereshchagin, Alexander Vasilyevich
• 03/14/1901-01.03.1905 - Colonel Tomkeev Ivan Petrovich
• 04/15/1905-1917 - Colonel (since 09/01/1910 - Major General GSh ) Zagyu, Nikolai Mikhailovich
• 1918 - 1920 - Major-General Kvinitadze, Georgy Ivanovich
• 1920 - 1921 - Brigadier General Chkheidze, Alexander Davidovich
• Bulleted Item

officers mentors

• Poboevsky, Vyacheslav Frantsevich - 1899-1904 position - platoon officer.
• Saginov, Konstantin Ivanovich - 1914 captain, position - deputy com. the company.
• Podchekaev Vladimir Alekseevich - 1899 −1905, captain.

officers mentors 1917

• Shestakov - company commander. Headquarters captain.
• Orlovsky - commander of Captain Company 1 ( Mingrelsky regiment )
• Popov, Konstantin Sergeevich - Course Officer of the 1st Company Lieutenant
• Esaul Prihitko - company commander. (3rd Plastunsky battalion)
• Chkheidze Alexander Davidovich - Colonel, the commander of the battalion.
• Arsenashvili - platoon officer
• Miroshkin - platoon officer

List of officers of the school in 1910

• Zagyu, Nikolai Mikhailovich - the regiment the head of the school,
• Gritsenko, Pavel Parfirevich - Colonel Inspector of classes,
• Kuzmin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich - lieutenant colonel
• Kozlovsky, Leonid Alexandrovich - Colonel pcs. teacher, ^[21]
• Rothgolts, Sergey Davidovich - Lieutenant Colonel teacher, ^[22]
• Podgoretsky, Pavel Vladimirovich - Lieutenant Colonel teacher, ^[23]
• Bukretov, Nikolay Andrianovich - lieutenant colonel of subordinates. for teaching military sciences,
• Chantsev, Andrei Nikolaevich - lieutenant colonel company commander,
• Petrovsky, Nikolai Aleksandrovich - lieutenant colonel company commander,
• Garakanidze, George Luarsabovich - Lieutenant Colonel, Company Commander,
• Gausen, Pavel Nikolaevich - lieutenant colonel of the company commander,
• Bochkarev, Alexander Appolonovich - captain ml.of.,
• Reshchikov, Lev Vasilyevich - captain ml. Of
• Ushakov, Nikolai Ivanovich - captain mln. Of
• Taralo, Mikhail Petrovich - staff - captain ml.of., ^[24]
• Mikhelson, Alexander Mikhailovich - Headquarters - Captain ml.of.,
• Cheidze, Alexander Davidovich - staff - captain ml.of.,
• Beletsky, Konstantin Nikolaevich– Headquarters - captain ml.of.,
• Kartvelov, Vasily Gavrilovich - captain adjutant and deloprozv. on households
• Timchenko, Alexander Vladimirovich- Captain Head. Household parts
• Mulin, Fedor Kuzmich - staff - captain treasurer and apartments.

see also

• Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School

• Memoirs of the Caucasian Grenadier, 1914-1920. Belgrade, Russian Printing House, 1925 . Popov, Konstantin Sergeevich
• Inspection trips to military schools of Major General B. D. Adamovich in 1915-16. (inaccessible link)
• Lushnov V.I. Juncker of St. George. The Tiflis Military School (11/16/1866–25.02.1921). - Khabarovsk: Booker LLC, 2017. - 448 p.
• Russian cadets, 1864-1917. The history of military schools 2M published in 2002 in the series Military history series "SOLDIER" (inaccessible link)
• The Universal Calendar of 1909. Ed. P. P. Soikin
• "Russian officer corps" S. V. "

Links

• "Russian Imperial Army"
• “The origin. Junker schools »