The Sheremetevs are one of the most prominent boyar clans of the kingdom of the Russian and Russian empire , to which the governor belonged, Field Marshal B.P. Sheremetev , the first in Russia granted (in 1706) the title of count . The genus is included in the Velvet Book [1] .
| Sheremetevs | |
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| Coat of arms description: Extract from Herbovnik On the shield in the laurel wreath there is a crown - the coat of arms of the Prussian rulers - and two crosses, under them a boyar hat and a spear and a sword on a crescent moon. The shield is crowned with the count's crown and helmet. Under the upper column is an idol-worshiping oak tree between two stars about six rays. Shield holders are two lions, in the mouth of which there are laurel and olive branches, and in the paws of the right scepter, of the left power. | |
| Motto | Deus conservat omnia ('' God saves everything ''). |
| Volume and sheet of the Common Stamp | II, 10 |
| Title | Counts ( 1706 ) |
| Ancestor | Andrey Konstantinovich Sheremet |
| Genus | XV century - present vr. |
| Nationality | |
 Grand Duchy of Moscow | |
 Kingdom of Russia | |
 Russian empire | |
| Estates | Kuskovo , Ostankino , Ostafyevo , Voronovo , Sheremetevsky castle , Poim , Ulyanka |
| Palaces and mansions | Sheremetev Yard , Fountain House |
The marriage of the son of B.P. Sheremetev with the heiress A.M. Cherkassky laid the foundation for a colossal "Sheremetev state." Its first owner, Count N.P. Sheremetev , remained in Russian history as a philanthropist , who built and decorated Ostankino and Kuskovo estates near Moscow, as well as founded the Host Country House . In St. Petersburg, the Sheremetevs owned the Fountain House . In addition to the count, there are less well-known non-titular branches of the genus; one of them belonged to Yurinsky castle .
Content
Genesis and history
Like the Romanovs , they derive their descent from Andrei Kobyla and his son Fedor Koshka. The fifth tribe (great-great-grandson) of the Mare was Andrei Konstantinovich Bezzubtsev , nicknamed Sheremet, and his brother - Semyon Epancha (late 15th century ). From Andrei Sheremet and went Sheremetev. His nickname, according to N. A. Baskakov , in the Turkic languages means "poor man"; Oxford philologist B.O. Unbegaun interprets it as “lion Akhmat” (from Persian sir - “lion”, cf. Chess ) [2] . Keremet is translated from some Turkic languages as “excellent”, “excellent”.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries , many boyars, governor, viceroys emerged from the Sheremetevs, both by virtue of personal merit and by kinship with the reigning dynasty. So, the great-granddaughter of Andrei Sheremet, Elena Ivanovna , was married to the son of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Ivan , according to one version, who was killed by his father in a fit of anger in 1581 . Five grandchildren of A. Sheremet became members of the Boyar Duma . The Sheremetevs took part in numerous battles and battles of the 16th century: in wars with the Ottomans , Lithuania , Krymchaks , in the Livonian War , and the Kazan campaigns . The patrimony in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod counties of Russia complained about their service.
Significantly increased the influence of the Sheremetevs on public affairs in the XVII century. At that time, the Sheremetevs were one of 16 clans whose representatives were raised in the boyar, bypassing the rank of nothing . The boyar and governor Peter Nikitich Sheremetev was at the head of the defense of Pskov from False Dmitry II . His son Ivan Petrovich was a famous bribe taker and a robber. His cousin, Fyodor Ivanovich , also a boyar and governor, was a prominent statesman in the first half of the 17th century. He greatly contributed to the election of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov , was at the head of the Moscow government, was a supporter of the strengthening of the role of the Zemsky Sobor in matters of government and the country.
The count branch of the genus comes from Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev ( 1662 - 1719 ), who in 1706 was elevated to the counts to pacify the uprising in Astrakhan .
Sheremetevs in the 16th century
- Ivan Andreevich (? - 1521 ) - the eldest son of Andrei Sheremet, the son of the boyars and governor, was killed in battle with the Crimean Tatars in 1521, the first bearer of the family name.
- Vasily Andreevich (? - 1548 ) - the middle son of Andrei Sheremet, a Moscow nobleman and governor.
- Ivan Vasilyevich Bolshoi (? - 1577 ) - the son of Vasily Andreyevich, the boyar and governor.
- Semyon Vasilyevich (? - 1561 ) - the son of Vasily Andreyevich, military and statesman, boyar and voivode.
- Nikita Vasilievich (? - 1564 ) - the son of Vasily Andreyevich, military and statesman, okolnichy, boyar and voivode.
- Ivan Vasilyevich Menshoy (? - 1577 ) - the son of Vasily Andreyevich, the boyar and governor, a member of the Chosen Council .
- Fedor Vasilievich (c. 1540 - c. 1590 ) - the son of Vasily Andreyevich, the boyar and governor.
- Pyotr Nikitich (c. 1564 - 1610 ) - the son of Nikita Vasilievich, steward, boyar and governor.
- Elena Ivanovna - daughter of Ivan Menshiy, wife of Tsarevich John Ioannovich
Sheremetevs in the 17th century
- Fedor Ivanovich (c. 1570 - 1650 ) - the son of Ivan Vasilyevich Menshiy, a Russian statesman.
- Boris Petrovich (? - 1650 ) - the son of Peter Nikitich, a military and statesman, a Moscow nobleman, a boyar and governor.
- Vasily Petrovich (? - 1659 ) - the son of Pyotr Nikitich, a roommaker, a boyar, governor in Nizhny Novgorod
- Ivan Petrovich (? - 1647 ) - the son of Peter Nikitich, an activist from the time of the Troubles and the reign of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.
- Vasily Borisovich ( 1622 - 1682 ) - the son of Boris Petrovich, military and statesman, steward, boyar, governor.
- Pyotr Vasilyevich Bolshoi (? - 1690 ) - son of Vasily Petrovich, military and statesman, boyar, governor.
- Matvey Vasilievich ( 1629 - 1657 ) - the son of Vasily Petrovich, commander and statesman, steward and governor.
- Boris Petrovich ( 1652 - 1719 ) - son of Peter the Great, count ( 1706 ), associate of Peter I , close boyar ( 1686 ), field marshal ( 1701 ).
- Mikhail Borisovich ( 1672 - 1714 ) - the son of Boris Petrovich, major general.
Sheremetevs in the 18th century
- Pyotr Borisovich ( 1713 - 1788 ) - son of Boris Petrovich, general-adviser ( 1760 ), adjutant general ( 1760 ), chief chamberlain ( 1761 ), childhood friend of Emperor Peter II , chamberlain of the room of Princess Anna Leopoldovna ( 1739 ), senator ( 1762 ), from 1768 in retirement.
- Natalya Borisovna ( 1714 - 1771 ), in marriage Princess Dolgorukova - the daughter of Boris Petrovich, one of the first and most famous memoirists in Russia.
- Anna Petrovna ( 1744 - 1768 ) - daughter of Peter Borisovich, maid of honor.
- Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev ( 1751 - 1809 ) - the son of Peter Borisovich, patron of the arts, husband of the serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova .
Sheremetevs in the 19th century
- Dmitry Nikolaevich (1803-1871) - the son of Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev, chamberlain and coffin master, is known for his charity work.
- Sergey Dmitrievich ( 1844 - 1918 ) - the son of Dmitry Nikolaevich , historian and genealogist, public figure, Ober Jägermeister ( 1904 ), honorary member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ( 1890 ), member of the State Council ( 1900 ).
- Alexander Dmitrievich ( 1859 - 1931 ) - son of Dmitry Nikolayevich , Russian music patron, head of the Court Singing Chapel, founder of the Russian Fire Society.
- Vasily Alexandrovich ( 1795 - 1862 ) - Actual Privy Councilor ( 1857 ).
- Vasily Vasilievich (1794-1817) - was killed in the “ quadruple duel ” (11.24.1817 Sheremetev — Zavadovsky — Griboedov — Yakubovich) because of the ballerina Istomina .
- Nikolai Vasilievich (1804-1849) - a member of the Northern Secret Society. Brother V.V.Sheremetev.
Sheremetevs in the 20th century
- Sergei Dmitrievich Sheremetev (1844-1918) - Russian statesman, collector, historian.
- Dmitry Sergeevich Sheremetev (1869-1943) - Count, adjutant wing, childhood friend of Emperor Nicholas II .
- Alexander Dmitrievich Sheremetev (1859-1931) - Russian philanthropist and amateur musician.
- Pavel Sergeevich Sheremetev (1871-1943) - Count, historian and artist.
- Sheremetev, Nikolai Petrovich (1903-1944) - grandson of S. D. Sheremetev , violinist and accompanist of the Vakhtangov Theater, husband of actress Cecilia Mansurova .
- Pyotr Petrovich Sheremetev (born September 13, 1931 , Kenitra , Morocco ) - architect , philanthropist and public figure . Chairman of the Russian Musical Society in Paris and Rector of the Paris Russian Conservatory named after S. Rachmaninov . Chairman of the Presidium of the International Council of Russian Compatriots .
- Vasily Pavlovich Sheremetev (1922-1989) - artist, philanthropist [3] .
- Nikolai Dmitrievich Sheremetev ( October 15 [28], 1904 , Moscow - February 5, 1979, Paris), husband of Irina Feliksovna Yusupova (March 21, 1915, Petersburg - August 30, 1983, Kormel), father of Ksenia Nikolaevna Sheremeteva-Sfiris , born March 1, 1942 in Rome
Notes
- ↑ N. Novikov. The genealogy book of princes and nobles of Russia and those who traveled (Velvet book). In 2 parts. Part II Type: University type. 1787 Rod of the Sheremetyevs. p. 124-128.
- ↑ Unbegaun B. Russian surnames / Per. from English; Total ed. B. A. Uspensky . - M .: Progress, 1989 .-- S. 293. - ISBN 5-01-001045-3 .
- ↑ Sheremetev Vasily Pavlovich. Greased watercolor . May 6, 2016.
Sources
- Sheremetevs // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- V.V. Boguslavsky, E.I. Kuksina Slavic Encyclopedia. Kievan Rus - Muscovy: in 2 vols. Olma-press, 2005. Vol. 1 pp. 66-67 ISBN 5-224-02249-5 ISBN 5-224-02250-9 = 5-85210-018-8
- Dolgorukov P.V. Russian genealogy book . - SPb. : Type. E. Weimar, 1856. - T. 3. - S. 494.
- De Agostini Famous Dynasties of Russia, Weekly Edition, Issue No. 1 Sheremetevs, 2014
- Stanyukovich V.K. Budget of the Sheremetevs (1798-1910) - M., 1927.