Nekrasov, Alexander Ivanovich

Alexander Nekrasov was born in Moscow, in a noble family ^[1] . The eldest of the three sons; younger brother Alex (1885-1950) - art critic. Early, at the age of 10, he lost his father, his mother, Anna Alexandrovna, was later involved in raising children.

Having received a home elementary education, in 1901 he graduated from the 5th Moscow gymnasium with a gold medal . In the same year he entered the Mathematics Department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University . During the years of study, he was strongly influenced by N. E. Zhukovsky ; still a student received a gold medal for the work "Theory of Jupiter's moons".

He graduated from the University in 1906 and was left there to prepare for a professorship. Privat-docent of the department of astronomy and geodesy and privat-docent of the department of applied mathematics (theoretical mechanics) (1911-1917) of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics; Since 1917 - Associate Professor of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics ^[2] . He taught mathematics and physics in female secondary schools in Moscow (1906-1917), special sections of mechanics at the Moscow Higher Women's Courses (since 1915).

In 1918–1921 - Professor, Head of the Department of Theoretical Mechanics , Dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, then Rector (since September 1921) of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky Polytechnic Institute . Since 1922 - Professor of Moscow State University. He entered the leadership of the Research Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of Moscow State University soon after its creation (1922).

In the years 1922-1932, he taught a course in theoretical mechanics to students at the Moscow Higher Technical School ; at the same time, for the first time in lectures on this subject, intended for students of technical colleges , the apparatus of vector algebra was widely used. In 1932-1933 the textbook of A. Nekrasov “A Course in Theoretical Mechanics in Vector Presentation” was published in two parts, the basis of which was the material of these lectures and which was widely used as the main textbook on theoretical mechanics recommended in many technical universities of the Soviet Union. ^[3] .

In 1933-1938 and 1943-1957 - Head of the Department of Theoretical Mechanics of Moscow State University ^[4] .

In 1932 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, in 1946 - an academician. Deputy Head of the Glavprofobrom Narkompros RSFSR (1922-1929), member of the Mechanical Commission for the preparation of a new program for universities (1933).

Since 1923 he was introduced to the College (the governing body of the institute) of the Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI). Deputy Head of TsAGI (1930–1938) and Deputy Chairman of the Academic Council (1937). Member of the Higher Attestation Commission at the All-Union Committee for Higher School Affairs at the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (1934-1938).

In 1938, he was unreasonably convicted (in the case of A. N. Tupolev ^[4] ) for 10 years under article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR . From January 1938 to August 1943 he worked in the TsKB-29 NKVD , was engaged in research in the field of aviation. Released early in 1943; after coming out of prison he suffered from severe asthma .

He worked at the Institute of Mechanics of the USSR Academy of Sciences as the head of the department of aerohydromechanics (1945-1957). Entered the Initial Composition of the USSR National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics ( 1956 ).

He died on May 21, 1957 . He was buried in Moscow at the Pyatnitsky cemetery ^[5] .

Published over 100 scientific papers.

The main works relate to the field of fluid mechanics , applied mechanics , the theory of integral equations .

He proposed and developed new methods for studying steady-state waves of finite amplitude on the surface of a heavy incompressible fluid (in 1952 A. Nekrasov was awarded the Stalin Prize of the II degree for the monograph “Exact Theory of Waves of the Set Type on the Surface of a Heavy Fluid”). He set and solved a number of problems related to the jet flow around a curvilinear profile with a compressible and incompressible fluid. He constructed the theory of a wing in a nonstationary flow ^[6] .

A. I. Nekrasov belongs to the theory of vortex diffusion in a viscous fluid and the theory of unsteady oscillations ( flutter ) of an airplane wing, as well as mathematical work on methods for solving nonlinear integral and integro-differential equations and functional analysis.

Main works

Books

• “Theoretical mechanics. Lectures (1923)
• textbook "Hydrodynamics" (1930)
• "Hydrodynamics. Notes of lectures "(1932)
• textbook "The course of theoretical mechanics in vector presentation" (hh. 1-2, 1932-1933)
• monograph "Theory of a wing in a non-stationary stream" (1947)
• monograph "The exact theory of steady-state waves on the surface of a heavy fluid" (1951)
• Collected Works. M., 1961-1962. T. 1-2.

Articles

• "On the Stokes Wave" (1919)
• "On the waves of the established form" (1922)
• "Diffusion of the vortex" (1931)
• “On a class of linear integro-differential equations” (1934)
• "Application of the theory of integral equations to the determination of the critical speed of the winged flutter" (1947)
• "Works of S. A. Chaplygin on aerodynamics" (1947)

• Order of Lenin (1953)
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (06/10/1945)
• Order of the Red Star (1933?)
• Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"
• The first winner of the award N. E. Zhukovsky (1922)
• Winner of the award Narkompros (1931)
• Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1947)
• The Stalin Prize of the second degree (1952) - for scientific work "The exact theory of waves of the established form on the surface of a heavy liquid" (1951)

• Volgina V.N., Tyulina I. A. Alexander I. Nekrasov. - M .: Science , 2001. - 101 p. - ISBN 5-02-013055-9 . .
• Department "Theoretical Mechanics". The main stages of development (1878-2003). - M .: Ex-libris-Press, 2003. - 192 p. - ISBN 5-88161-137-3 . .
• Mehmat MSU 80. Mathematics and Mechanics at Moscow University / Gl. ed. A. T. Fomenko . - M .: Publishing House of Moscow. University, 2013. - 372 p. - ISBN 978-5-19-010857-6 . .
• Nekrasov, Alexander Ivanovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

• Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov . - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
• Profile of Alexander Ivanovich Nekrasov on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Nekrasov, Alexander Ivanovich (Neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . The date of appeal is November 26, 2017.
• Biography.ru (inaccessible link)
• Ivanovo Vicky
• TsAGI in faces. Nekrasov A.I.