Armored cruisers of the Bristol type are a type of armored cruisers of the Royal Royal Navy of Great Britain during the First World War . A total of 5 units were built: Bristol ( Eng. Bristol ), Glasgow ( Eng. Glasgow ), Gloucester ( Eng. Gloucester ), Liverpool ( Eng. Liverpool ), Newcastle ( Eng. Newcastle ). Transitional type from armored cruisers to light . Mortgaged as "trade advocates" ( Eng. Trade protection cruisers ). Also referred to as the “Type of Town ”, since all cruisers were named after cities. Their improved version was a Weimouth-class cruiser.
| Armored cruisers of the Bristol type | |
|---|---|
| Town class cruiser (1909) | |
 Armored cruiser Bristol | |
| Project | |
| A country |
|
| Operators |
|
| Built | five |
| Scrapped | five |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 4800 t (normal) 5300 t (full) |
| Length | 138.1 m |
| Width | 14.31 m |
| Draft | 4.72 m |
| Reservation | Deck - 19 ... 51 mm cabin - 76 mm |
| Engines | 2 steam turbines (Bristol), 12 steam boilers |
| Power | 22 000 liters with. (16.2 Mw ) |
| Mover | 2 screws ("Bristol") 4 - the rest |
| Speed | 25 knots (46.3 km / h ) |
| Sailing range | 5070 nautical miles at 16 knots |
| Crew | 480 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 2 × 1 - 152 mm / 50 10 × 1 - 102 mm / 50 4 × 1 - 47 mm |
| Mine torpedo armament | 2 × 1 - 457 mm [1] |
Content
Creation History
At the beginning of the 20th century , the Royal Navy had a need to create cruisers equipped with turbines and capable of acting in the interests of the main forces of the fleet, as well as fighting on sea lanes. At the same time, the German fleet , considered the main probable enemy, was actively engaged in the construction of medium-sized, well-armed and high-speed cruisers. The British armored cruisers of the old projects were too slow to catch them, and the scout cruisers were too poorly armed and protected.
Having failed with the scout cruisers, Admiral D. Fisher , a reformer of the British Navy, proposed using large destroyers built on the model of the Swift for reconnaissance. But such a solution left British communications unprotected by modern cruisers. Therefore, it was decided to build a series of turbine armored cruisers of class II, primarily to protect trade [1] .
The initial project of the ocean trade advocate was based on scouts-type cruisers of the “Bodyica” type , but increased in size compared to the prototype . However, the planned armament of 12 102-m guns Seemed to the customer too weak, especially since they were inferior to the German 105-mm gun in all respects and had no protection for calculation. Therefore, it was proposed to install 152-mm guns in the bow and stern and protect all the cruiser’s guns with armor shields. This led to an increase in displacement .
Service
| Cruisers of the Bristol type [1] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Bristol | Glasgow | Gloucester | Liverpool | Newcastle |
| Bookmark Date | March 23, 1909 | March 25, 1909 | April 15, 1909 | February 17, 1909 | April 14, 1909 |
| Launch date | February 23, 1910 | September 30, 1909 | October 28, 1909 | October 30, 1909 | November 25, 1909 |
| Commissioning Date | December 1910 | September 1910 | October 1910 | October 1910 | September 1910 |
| Fate | In May 1921, sold for scrap | In April 1927, sold for scrap | In May 1921, sold for scrap | In May 1921, sold for scrap | In May 1921, sold for scrap |
Bristol
Bristol was built at the John Brown & Company shipyard in Clydebank . Immediately after entry into service, he was part of the Grand Fleet . December 22, 1912 aground in Plymouth Sound Bay . At the beginning of World War I, he was sent to the South Atlantic to participate in the destruction of the squadron of Admiral Spee , but did not manage to battle the Falkland Islands . December 8, 1914 captured the German transport "Macedonia" in the Falklands area. Until the end of 1914 he remained in South American waters, participating in the search for the German cruiser Dresden. At the beginning of 1915 was sent to the Mediterranean Sea . In 1916 - 1917 he acted in the Adriatic Sea . He returned to the South Atlantic in 1918 . In June 1919 he was put into reserve and put in Portsmouth . In May 1920, Bristol expelled their fleet listings.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906-1921. - London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd, 1986. - P. 51. - ISBN 0-85177-245-5 .
Links
Literature
- Nenakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia of the Cruisers 1910 - 2005. - Minsk: Harvest, 2007. - ISBN 978-985-13-8619-8 .
- Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906-1921. - London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd, 1986. - ISBN 0-85177-245-5 .