Houring is the process of processing a coin's edge , applying corrugation, ornament, inscriptions on it. Horming is carried out on a hurt machine or a hurt machine.
The initial purpose of the figured edge is to ensure the safety of the coin, protection from cutting . Until the XVII century, most of the coins had a smooth edge, which led to its cutting to obtain a precious metal, and the most convenient way to check the safety of a coin was to measure its weight.
The first thalers with a convex inscription on the edge appeared in France around 1577. Such coins appeared in England in 1651, in Denmark in 1668, and in 1670 in Sweden and Brandenburg .
The milling machine, which appeared at the end of the 17th century, made it possible to apply a straight or oblique notch, as well as an ornament, to the coin's edge. At the end of the 18th century, the milling machine was replaced by a milling machine with a ring , which made it possible to mint both mounds and both sides of the coin. In addition, such a machine on both sides of the coin created a shoulder to protect the embossed image from wear.
At present, when precious metal coins are not in circulation and there are no prerequisites for cutting the edge, a complex shape is given to it only to distinguish denominations or for decorative purposes.
Literature
- Fengler H., Girow G., Unger V. Dictionary of numismatics / trans. with him. M. G. Arsenieva; open Editor V. M. Potin. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Radio and communications, 1993. - S. 78. - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-256-00317-8 .