August raid

The actions of clandestine units in the rear of the Red Army

In the spring of 1945, the anti-communist Civil Army of Craiova seized power in the rural areas of the Białystok Voivodeship , including the Suwalki and Augustow Powers, after withdrawing from the Voivodship in early 1945, advancing to the west of the Red Army . AKO was commanded by the former commander of the Bialystok District AK Colonel Vladislav Linyarsky (pseudonym "Mstislav"). In fact, the Białystok district of the Army of the Local Government, contrary to the order of the AK command, was not disbanded from January 19, 1945. On February 15, 1945, the Bialystok District AK was renamed “Mstislav” into AKO ^{[4] [5]} . The former commander of the Białystok Army District, Colonel Lynyarsky “Mstislav”, ordered that conspiratorial detachments and clandestine conspiratorial groups AK, weapons, and all radio transceivers be kept illegal.

The commander of all forest formations of AKO Mstislav appointed Major Lupashko. In May 1945, AKO commander Colonel Vladislav Linyarsky was subordinate to the Armed Forces Delegate . The organizational structure of AKO - the "Civilian Army of the Land" - in general, repeated the structure of the Bialystok district of the Army of the Land. Colonel "Mstislav" had cadres of underground workers in 14 AKO conspiratorial contours (counties), the number of which was more than 20,000 people of all ages, including women who took the oath of the underground Army of Craiova. The district was divided into 6 inspectorates, and they, in turn, were divided into contours (counties). The Inspectorate of Suvalka AK-AKO was divided into Suvalki bypass and Augustow bypass. AKO had thousands of firearms. The order of the Red Army Command / Military Commandant's Office on the mandatory surrender of weapons, ammunition and radio stations has not been implemented.

The Polish police and security forces, which were in the formation stage in Suwalki and Augustow County, were not able to effectively counteract the activity of the formations of the anti-Soviet army of the Craiova (AK) and AKO. A number of the Białystok Voivodship counties in the spring of 1945, after the defeat of rural police stations and the commune leadership, were virtually beyond the control of the Polish civil administration of the Provisional Government of the Polish Republic. Large anti-communist units (numbering more than 100 armed persons) arose and began to operate in the Białystok Voivodeship. Thousands of people participated in the underground AK-AKO conspiracy network. Anti-communist elements foiled the activities of the new government, for example, the mobilization of the . The composition of the forest detachments entered evading (mainly rural youth) from mobilization in the Polish Army and deserters. Earlier (in September — December 1944), a campaign was launched in Białystok Voivodeship against the draft of the Polish People’s Army and the PKNO measures to carry out agrarian reform. AK orders and leaflets distributed by the anti-communist underground called for the non-recognition of the PKNO as a legitimate authority and for evasion of mobilization.

In the spring and summer of 1945, partisans of the district on the orders of the commander all forest detachments of the Bialystok Okrug of AKO Major Zygmunt Shenzelyazh (pseudonym “Lupashko”) many soldiers of the Red Army , NKVD officers , members of the Polish Labor Party , informants, employees of the Public Security Directorate, police officers or simply sympathizing with the new authorities. Among the formations of Major Zygmunt Shenzelyazh, his order was circulated that Soviet troops should not be captured and destroyed on the spot. Akovtsy, setting up ambushes, fired at cars on the roads, got involved in battles even with small units of the Red Army. Weapons, uniforms and personal military documents were taken from the majority of the killed servicemen. For example, on July 7, 1945, in the Białystok County, the AKO squadron of Lieutenant Zygmunt Błażejewicz detained and shot 10 Red Army soldiers, 4 of whom were officers ^[4] . On the same day, Colonel of the 5th Guards Tank Army Pavel Vasiliev and a female soldier were shot. ^[6] On June 27, 1945, in the Krasnopol Suvalk district, an AKO detachment of sergeant "Brzhozi" shot and killed the Red Army captain Markusyan and a soldier. On May 22, 1945, Akovtsy of the AKO squadron Lieutenant Zygmunt burned the Orthodox village of Potoki ^[7] . In May 1945, in the Suwalki and Augustow counties, the AKO detachment of Sergeant Thunder shot several Red Army soldiers. On May 11, 1945, Akovtsy of the AKO squadron of Lieutenant Zygmunt burned the Orthodox village of Vilyuki ^[8] . On April 11, 1945, in the Lipsk Augustow district, the AKO Skaly detachment defeated the police station and shot the police officers. On March 24, 1945, a Kazimir Kamensky detachment "Huzara" killed 9 Jews , including 8 women, and shot 1 Red Army soldier ^[9] .

On February 17, 1945, in the Falcons, a detachment of the Akim of Kazimir Kamensky “Huzara” killed seven Jews , including three women and two children ^{[9] [10]} .

In the area of ​​the Augustow Forests, several forest units were hiding (for example, the units “Groma”, “Brzozy”, “Skały”, “Snopa”), which consisted of several hundred armed people and AKO fighters. There were clandestine conspiratorial groups and AKO organizations in the county. In the spring of 1945, in the Suvalk district (the conspiratorial circuit of AKO), there were 20 conspiratorial companies and 400 weapons in the conspiracy underground AKO network. In April 1945, 1,500 AKO underground members were active in the underground network in Suvalki district, and 457 underground AKO members in the August district (secret AKO circuit). Of the 18 rural police stations in Suvalka district, 17 were defeated before the end of May 1945.

In the spring of 1945, the first request of the Białystok Voivodeship for direct Soviet military intervention followed (there were several such requests) and the first request to the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland for the allocation of units of the Polish Army and additional police units.

The region was especially important for the USSR, because it was a narrow strip separating East Prussia from the territories of the Soviet Union. Namely, from East Prussia the transport with military trophies constantly went to the east by the shortest route. These convoys were constantly attacked by anti-communist guerrilla groups.

Roundup

Since the Polish authorities could not cope with the partisans on their own by the small police and the Security Directorate, in July 1945 the Soviet troops were part of the 50th Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front and the regiment of the 62nd Infantry Division of the NKVD Internal Troops in cooperation with the 1st Infantry Regiment Division 1 carried out a continuous combing of the Augustow forests in the Suwalk and Augustow counties. In August 1945, a similar operation was carried out in the Lithuanian SSR . On July 10, 1945, the circle of encirclement around the Augustow Forest area closed. The operation was attended by more than 50 thousand soldiers of the Red Army (11 rifle divisions, along with divisional artillery regiments, 3 armored brigades and a mechanized brigade). On July 11, 1945, the Military Commandant introduced martial law in the Augustow district, valid until July 24.

On July 12-25, 1945, thousands of Red Army soldiers and NKVD troops, with the support of the Civil Police, the Public Security Directorate of Poland, members of the Polish Labor Party and a detachment of soldiers of the Polish Army, cleared the partisans of Augustow, Suwalki and part of Sokolsky district. They combed forests and villages in search of anti-communist partisans and underground workers. State punitive structures carried out large-scale searches and arrests. The military arrested suspects of ties to the armed anti-communist underground. On July 15, 1945, the deputy commander of the Augustow County (district) AK-AKO Lieutenant Pyotr Milanovsky (pseudonym "Chma") was detained. Some of the militants managed to escape. According to the Public Security Directorate, local commanders of the underground organization AKO ordered that AKO members hide their weapons and disperse under the guise of civilians.

As a result of the July raid by the forces of the Soviet troops , the NKVD troops, the police, the Public Security Directorate and soldiers of the Polish army, more than 7 thousand suspects were detained, mainly Poles and Lithuanians , members of Polish and Lithuanian anti-communist groups, their informants and suppliers. Interrogations were conducted with torture. After checking, most of them were released, the Lithuanians were transferred to the NKGB of the Lithuanian SSR , and several hundred Polish citizens were arrested. After interrogations until July 20, 592 people were selected, who were recognized as members or minions of the Polish anti-communist underground. Among these 592 people there were 27 women and 15 people under the age of majority. They were charged with involvement in Akovtsy not only at the moment, but also ever earlier, for example, in 1944. Later more than 800 people were interrogated. In addition to the mass arrests of Akovtsy during searches and arrests, as well as on the basis of the data obtained and during operations, several hundred pieces of small arms were seized, including machine guns, machine guns, rifles, pistols and mortars, grenades and 2 radio stations. Caches with weapons were discovered.

As a result of the round-up, the surrounded detachments of the sergeant “Thunder” and “Rocks” (over 175 armed persons) after the battle were almost completely destroyed near Lake Brozhan ^[4] . On July 15, 1945, the Soviet 1019th Regiment of the 307th Rifle Division of the 81st Rifle Corps of the 50th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front fought there with a unit under the command of Sergeant Władysław Stefanowski (nicknamed "Thunder") and partisans from the detachment of Józef Sulżyński (nickname "Brzeza"). From the encirclement in the Augustow forests, only the detachment of the second lieutenant "Brzhozi" left. As a result of the July raid, the AKO contours in Suwalki and Augustow counties were broken. The Suwalki Inspectorate AKO ceased to exist.

July 31, 1945 by the Polish state security organs was detained Vladislav Liniarski, who was the commander of AKO. In relation to 575 people, an investigation was launched (among them there were only 69 people detained with weapons in their hands). After the arrest, the fate of Polish citizens was unknown - they were taken out by car and Soviet soldiers in an unknown direction.

SMERSH Document

A cipher telegram from the head of the Main Directorate of Counterintelligence SMERSH and simultaneously authorized by the NKVD on the 3rd Belorussian Front Viktor Abakumov to the USSR Interior Minister Lavrentiya Beria dated July 21, 1945 was found in the FSB archive, which said:

“In accordance with your instructions, on the morning of July 20, I was sent by plane to the city of Troiburg [now the city of Oletsko in Poland]. beg. GUKR SMERSH Major General Gorgonov with a group of counterintelligence officers to liquidate the bandits arrested in the Augustow forests ... Upon arrival, the Gorgons and the head of the UKMS SMERSH 3 Belorussian Front, Lieutenant General Zelenin reported the following: Troops of the Belorussian Front carried out an investigation of these forests from July 12-19, 7049 people were detained. After the check, 5115 people were released, out of the remaining 1934 detainees, 844 people were identified and arrested, including 252 Lithuanians who had connections with gangs in Lithuania and therefore were transferred to the local authorities of the NKVD-NKGB of Lithuania. 1090 people are checked, of which 262 Lithuanians are transferred to the NKVD-NKGB for the same reasons. Consequently, those arrested on July 21, p. there are only 592 people, and 828 people are detained. 11 mortars, 31 machine guns, 123 machine guns, rifles, pistols and grenades and 2 radio stations were seized from arrested bandits in the woods in hiding places.

If you find it necessary to conduct an operation after such a situation, then we plan to eliminate the bandits in the following way:

1. All identified bandits, in the amount of 592 people, eliminated. For this purpose, the operational composition and the battalion of troops of the SMERSH Office of the 3rd Belorussian Front will be allocated, which we have already tested in practice during a series of counterintelligence activities. Operational officers and personnel of the battalion on the procedure for the elimination of bandits will be carefully instructed.
2. During the operation, the necessary measures will be taken to prevent the escape of any of the bandits. For these purposes, in addition to carefully instructing the operative workers and soldiers of the battalion, sections of the forest where the operation will be conducted will be cordoned off and a preliminary cross-section of the area will be conducted.
3. The responsibility for carrying out the elimination of bandits will be assigned to the assistant to the head of the Main Directorate of SMERSH, Major General Gorgonov and the head of the Counterintelligence Directorate of the 3rd Belorussian Front, Lieutenant General Zelenin.

T. Comrade Gorgonov and Zelenin are good and experienced security officers, and they will complete this task.

The remaining detained 828 people will be checked in a 5-day period, and all identified bandits will be eliminated in the same way. The number of identified bandits from this group of detainees will be reported to you.

I ask for your instructions. Abakumov ” ^[11] .

Letter from the Chief Military Prosecutor of the Russian Federation

In 1994, after the appeal of the official bodies of the Republic of Poland, the investigation of the circumstances of the detention, arrest and further fate of these Polish citizens took up the Main Military Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation , which gave the following answer ^[12] :

“January 4, 1995, No. 5uv-196-94, Embassy of the Republic of Poland 123557, Moscow, st. Klimashkina, d. 4

Your appeal dated January 20, 1994 to clarify the fate of Polish citizens detained during a military operation in the territory of the Suvalkovsky district of Poland in July 1945 was verified.

It was established that in connection with the numerous facts of attacks on soldiers of the Soviet Army deployed in Poland, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR, in accordance with the Decree of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, developed a plan for conducting a military operation in the August forests of the Suvalkovsky Uyezd of the Bialystok Voivodeship of Poland in order to identify and neutralize all formations anti-Soviet-minded "Army of the Local".

During the operation carried out by troops of the 3 Belorussian Front from July 12 to 19, 1945, more than 7 thousand Polish citizens and Lithuanians were detained, and a significant amount of weapons was seized. Most of the local residents among those detained after the inspection were released, and 592 Polish citizens from the Smersh 3 of the Belarusian Front were arrested. In relation to 575 people, criminal cases were initiated and an investigation was conducted. An analysis of these criminal cases showed that those arrested were local residents and were detained by Soviet troops while combing the terrain in the forest and surrounding settlements.

69 people were detained directly with weapons. All 592 detainees at different time periods (from 1939 to 1945) were members of various formations of the Home Army, two of them were unit commanders, three platoon commanders, and the rest privates.

No charges were brought against these Polish citizens, no criminal cases were sent to the courts, and the fate of those arrested is unknown.

To clarify all the circumstances, we checked the state archival institutions of the Russian Federation, however, we could not find any data on the measures taken to the detainees.

The officials in charge of the military operation have now died.

Thus, in the absence of the necessary documentary data, objectively establish the further fate of 592 Polish citizens arrested during the military operation of the formations and units of the 3 Belorussian Front in the period from July 12 to 19, 1945 in the territory of the Bialystok Voivodeship, and the measures taken to influence them, was not possible.

Deputy Chief Military Prosecutor, Lieutenant General V. A. Smirnov. "

The Polish historian Krzysztof Yashevich hypothesized that the killings of those arrested took place in the vicinity of Lake Goldap or in the Rominck Forest in the vicinity of the village of Rominty (today - the village of Krasnoleye ) ^[13] . The Russian historian Natalya Lebedeva from the Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences suggests that the killings took place in a secret prison camp in which chemical or biological substances were used to kill ^[14] .

On February 14, 2012, the Memorial organization sent a statement to the Main Military Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation with a request to check the validity of detention and to rehabilitate or to send to court cases with the conclusion that there were no grounds for the rehabilitation of 14 people as victims of political repression who disappeared without a trace after their arrest in July 1945 years in the August forests.

In response to the appeal of the International Memorial, the Chief Military Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation reported on May 28, 2012, refusing rehabilitation, citing the fact that “ there are no criminal cases against the mentioned Polish citizens in the archival authorities ” and, accordingly, there are no grounds for their rehabilitation . Meanwhile, earlier GWP officially recognized that during the operation in August forests 592 people were arrested, of which 575 people were prosecuted and investigated. The international Memorial challenged the refusal of the prosecutor's office, sending a lawsuit to the Khamovnichesky court on August 23.

Military prosecutors Colonel Alexander Gavrilov and Colonel German Kiriyenko assured the court that no documents were found in the Central Archive of the Federal Security Service regarding 10 of the 14 soldiers of the Home Army, whose rehabilitation was required by Memorial. There are personal files of Poles with matching names and surnames, however, for example, dates of birth differ. All data coincide only for four people: Shimon Krupinsky (whom the NKVD considered the commander of the Craiova Army in the Augustovsky District), Stanislav Kuntsevich, Vladislav Otter and Jan Wyszyński. In their folders stored in the archives of the FSB, there are their personal files, protocols of arrest, search and interrogations.

According to the military prosecutors, with which Judge Kananovich agreed, even these four cannot be rehabilitated, since the materials available are not “ documents relating to the criminal case against the detainees ”. According to the court, it is possible to recognize as a victim of political repressions only such a person who was given a formal verdict by the court or other Soviet bodies following the results of the investigation.

“We also asked to provide us with copies of the cases of detainees, as well as personal files and death certificates of Ivan Gorgonov and Pavel Zelenin, who were entrusted with the execution,” said Zbigniew Kulikowski, the prosecutor of the criminal investigation department.

On July 23, 2013, the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Polish Republic received a letter from the Prosecutor General’s Office dated July 19, 2013, from which it follows that on the basis of Article 2 of the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters of April 20, 1954 and Article 17 of the Polish-Russian agreement of September 16, 1996 on legal assistance and legal relations in civil and criminal matters "the implementation of the request is not possible." The Russian Federal Security Service provides families of those arrested with information about the dates and places of arrest of their loved ones. The letters from the FSB have the same form — they contain the date and place of the arrest, and also indicate that “archival materials do not contain data on sentencing, rehabilitation, and the fate of those arrested”. The Institute of National Memory has identified a possible burial place for the victims of the August raid. As a result of the examinations, several places are investigated in which graves of the victims of the mentioned operation may be located. One of them is the Belarusian village of Kalety - a village in the Grodno region of the Grodno region of Belarus .

Polish official position

• Sigmund Shenzelyazh (“Lupashko”), whose units shot Soviet soldiers in 1945 (there is evidence of his involvement in the massacre of Lithuanians Dubingiai and executions of Soviet prisoners of war) and burned Orthodox villages ^[15] , in 1988 he was posthumously awarded the Polish President in exile the highest order of the Polish golden cross Virtuti militari , the Polish court was posthumously rehabilitated in 1993 and was awarded the Grand cross of the Order of the Renaissance of Poland in 2007 by President Lech Kaczynski , in 2016 the president of Poland Andrzej UDD issued a decree posthumously awarding Shendzelyazhu colonel.
• Wladyslaw Liniarski (pseudonym “Mstislav”) was posthumously awarded the Order of the Renaissance of Poland in 2010, and in 2017, Polish President Andrzej Duda issued a decree posthumously conferring the rank of Brigadier General on Lyarsky.
• Zygmunt Blazheevich (pseudonym “Zygmunt”), who shot several dozen Red Army soldiers , police, members of the Polish Labor Party and soldiers of the Polish Army ^[4] and burned Orthodox villages ^[15] in 1945, was promoted to lieutenant colonel by President Bronislaw Komorowski and awarded the Order of the Renaissance of Poland. Prime Minister Donald Tusk awarded Zygmunt a state pension, in 2017 Zygmunt Blazheevich was promoted to colonel by the President of Poland.
• Kazimierz Kamensky (pseudonym “Huzar”), whose detachment shot Jews in 1945 ^[9] , was posthumously rehabilitated by a Polish court in 1997 and awarded the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski with the Order of the Renaissance of Poland in 2007 .
• According to the director ^{[16] of the} Institute of National Remembrance Lukash Kaminsky and the prosecutor of the Institute of National Remembrance Zbigniew Kulikovsky, the August raid can be considered a crime against humanity - genocide ^[17] . If the IDU identifies performers who are alive, then it will send indictments to the court. The investigation of IIT has been going on for many years. Formally carried out in the case of “Crimes of Communism, crimes against humanity”, “in terms of the murder in July and August 1945, in an unidentified place, about 600 detainees in the territory of the Suval region (Suvalchizna) during the so-called. August raid carried out by the NKVD troops with the participation of functionaries of the UB, Defense Ministry and soldiers of the Polish People’s Army. "
• The Russian human rights society “Memorial” became the winner of the prize of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland “Pro Dignitate Humana”.
• The Memorial Society became the laureate of the prize "Keeper of National Memory" (2012) - from the Polish Institute of National Memory.
• Professor co-chair of the Polish-Russian group on difficult issues, emphasizes that the victims of the August raid were shot extrajudicially and it was no coincidence that these events were called “Little Katyn”:

“It was a tragic, criminal operation carried out by Soviet troops, which resulted in the execution of 592 Polish peasants.”

• Polish historians point out that access to archival materials is blocked by the Russian General Prosecutor's Office ^[1] .
• On July 9, 2015, deputies of the Polish Sejm passed a law declaring July 12 to be the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the August raid of summer 1945. 381 deputies voted for the adoption of the law, no one was against, 39 deputies abstained.

According to the text of the law, on July 12, the Poles will pay tribute to the victims of the raid - "heroes of the anti-communist underground who did not agree with the Soviet occupation and fought for independence, who were killed by order of Joseph Stalin in the north-eastern territories of Poland."

• On the websites of the Russian Ministry of Defense, investigators of the Institute of National Remembrance discovered documents regarding the course of the August round-up ^[18] . Historians have gained access to several thousand pages. According to introductory analyzes, these are authentic materials that include information on the date the operation began, on the territory in which it was conducted, on the number of detainees.

“There is no way to deny that it was a crime against humanity ,” said Zbigniew Kulikovsky, prosecutor of the Institute of National Memory, at a press conference ^[19] .

• Barbara Boyaryn-Kazberuk, Director of the Institute of National Memory in Bialystok, appealed to the Belarusian authorities with a request to assist in the investigation of the August raid.

“It was an operation against the entire Polish society. It was directed against people who, after the Soviet occupation, swore allegiance to Poland and opposed the order that the USSR imposed. ”

said the director of the institute.

Russian MFA Position

Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov at a press conference made the following statement ^[20] :

The August Round is one of the pages of our joint history that occurred immediately after the end of the war in Europe. We are ready, through a commission of historians, to consider all aspects of the current situation, without exception, so that the picture is comprehensive and not interpreted according to one scheme. In the “August roundup” there was nothing linear, everything turned out to be very complex and interwoven. With this understanding, I am sure that the commission of historians will be ready to consider this topic. The main thing is that such historical situations do not become an instrument of modern politics. Unfortunately, we sometimes observe this trend. We believe that this is wrong and should not be used in interstate relations. History must be dealt with by historians .

Memorial position

The deputy chairman of the Council of the Scientific, Information and Educational Center of the Memorial Society Nikita Petrov said that Memorial would challenge the verdict in the Moscow City Court. In his opinion, a lot of important things were revealed at the court hearing ^[21] :

“We knew that in the FSB archives there are documents on the victims of the August raid, and now we have found out that these are personal files, protocols of interrogations and searches, that is, these are very valuable materials for those who want to reveal the secret of the 1945 crime.” Yes, there are no sentences against the partisans captured in the forests near Augustow. But they cannot be there. After all, Beria ordered his executioners to liquidate the Poles so that they did not leave a trace. Stalinist bandits (we, the researchers, understand this perfectly well, and only prosecutors pretend that they don’t know this) killed in this way: secretly and carefully covering their tracks .

• National Day of Rejected Soldiers
• Memory policy

• Obława Augustowska (lipiec 1945 r.). Jan Jerzy Milewski i Anna Pyżewska (red.). Białystok: 2005. ISBN 83-88097-99-7 .
• Marcin Dzierżanowski, Aneta Blinkiewicz. W służbie Moskwy. "Tygodnik Wprost." 28 (1180), 2005.
• Mariusz Filipowicz: Obława Augustowska w lipcu 1945 r. W: Obława Augustowska. Białystok: Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne - Oddział w Białymstoku, 2005. ISBN 83-922263-6-4 .
• Jarosław Szlaszyński, Andrzej Makowski: Augustów: Monografia historyczna. Augustów: 2007, s. 611-621. ISBN 978-83-925620-0-9 .
• Jarosław Szlaszyński. Geneza obławy augustowskiej. "Tygodnik Suwalsko-Mazurski: Krajobrazy." 32 (743), s. 8-9, 1995.
• Jarosław Szlaszyński. Dzieje lipcowej obławy 1945 r. "Przegląd Augustowski". 5 (12), s. 8-9, 1996.
• Piotr Łapiński. Obława augustowska (lipiec 1945 r.). "Biuletyn Informacyjny." 7 (267), s. 32-38, lipiec 2012. Warszawa: Zarząd Główny ŚZŻAK. ISSN 1233-8567.
• Sewastianowicz I. Kulikowski S. Nie tylko Katyń, Białystok 1990
• Zwolski Marcin. Obława Augustowska. Encyklopedia Białych Plam, tom XX

• [3] Report of the head of the Political Directorate of the 3rd Belorussian Front, Kazbintsev, to the deputy chief of the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army, I. V. Shikin, about cases of attacks by the Polish armed underground against members of the Red Army. TSA MO RF. F. 32. Op. 11289. D. 708. L. 79–83. Script. Typescript.
• [4] Covering letter from the head of the Smersh Counterintelligence Division of the 4th Separate Communications Brigade of the Red Army to the head of the 1st Division of the Smersh Counterintelligence Division of the 2nd Belorussian Front regarding the forensic medical examination performed on the corpses of three military personnel of the 4th separate communications brigade RGK. TSA FSB of the Russian Federation. F. 77. Op. 1. D. 33. L. 102-104. Copy. Certified copy. Typescript.
• Malaya Katyn (inaccessible link)
• 66th anniversary of the “August raid”
• Katyn is not everything
• The Institute of National Memory is grateful to the Memorial Society
• Vrublevsky, Arthur. Families continue to wait (neopr.) . InoSMI.ru (July 14, 2015). Date of treatment June 22, 2019.
• [5] documents from military archives.