Yalutorovsk

The Yalutorovsk prison and the settlement of the same name were founded in 1659 on the left high bank of the Tobol River on the site of the former Tatar settlement Yavlu-tur , which since the XIV century stood on the old Kazan road , which connected the Tatar settlements of the Urals and Siberia with the shopping centers of Central Asia . The prison was an outpost guarding the southeastern approaches to Tyumen and Tobolsk ^[5] .

In 1782, the prison was transformed into the county town of Yalutorovsk of the Tobolsk governorship , and in 1785 the coat of arms of the city was established the highest, the main element of which was the mill wheel, "as a sign that there are a lot of flour mills in the district." In 1784, there were 552 water and windmills in Yalutorovsk Uyezd. In the city and its environs, crafts and crafts related to the processing of agricultural raw materials and trade were actively developing. In 1762, the first fair opened in the Yalutorovskaya settlement. In 1822, by decree of Alexander I, Yalutorovsk was transformed into the district city of the Tobolsk province ^[5] .

From 1829 to 1856 in Yalutorovsk, the Decembrists were in the settlement: Basargin N.V. , Vranitsky V.I. , Entaltsev A.V. , Muravyov-Apostol M.I. , Obolensky E.P. , Pushchin I.I. , Cherkasov A.I. , Yakushkin I. D. They made a great contribution to the development of the culture of Yalutorovsk. At the initiative of I.D. Yakushkin, with the assistance of far-sighted circles of merchants, intelligentsia, Archpriest Sretensky Cathedral S. Ya. Znamensky, progressive educational institutions were opened at that time - an all-inclusive free school for boys ( 1842 ) and the first school for girls in Siberia ( 1846 year ) ^[5] .

The construction of the Siberian tract , which passed through the city in the first half of the 19th century, gave a big impetus to the development of Yalutorovsk. The heyday of small industry, crafts and crafts, and trade was associated with this period. The Yalutorovsky District supplied carts, sledges, furniture, a barrel rivet for the Urals. Carpet, hosiery, rope, sieve, matting, saddlery, and pottery were widely used ^[5] .

In 1858, the first master plan for the development of Yalutorovsk was approved. At this time, the modern urban planning appearance of the city began to take shape: straight streets, quarterly development of estate houses with a full range of outbuildings and household buildings. In the middle of the XIX century in Yalutorovsk there were 8 state-owned and 539 private houses with a population of 2,240 people. The building remained mostly wooden. The town-planning dominant of the city was the stone Sretensky Cathedral, consecrated in 1777 and finally completed in 1837 ^[5]

In 1911, steamboats began to walk in Yalutorovsk along Tobol , and on May 8, 1912, the first train arrived in Yalutorovsk from Tyumen ^[5] .

In 1970, the city ​​was included in the list of historical cities of Russia ^[3] .

Status History

It was a county town of Tobolsk governorship , Tobolsk province . After the establishment of Soviet power - the center of Yalutorovsk district of the Tyumen province .

• Since November 3, 1923 - the center of the Yalutorovsky district .
• February 1, 1963 - assigned to cities of regional significance.
• From January 14, 1963 to January 4, 1965, the settlement was located in the administrative subordination of the Yalutorovsky City Council. Vagay, r.p. Zavodopetrovsky , river Lebedevka.
• From September 29, 1964 to January 12, 1965 - the r.p. was in the administrative subordination of the Yalutorovsky City Council New Tap.

The city of Yalutorovsk is located on the left bank of the Tobol River (left tributary of the Irtysh ) in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (in the northern part of the Turgai Valley ^[6] ). A forest is located southwest of the city, and swamps are located to the northwest. ^[7] .

The city is located 85 km (by road) southeast of the regional center - the city of Tyumen . The nearest town, Zavodoukovsk, is located 28 km southeast of Yalutorovsk ^[8] .

An important transport hub: the Trans-Siberian railway and the federal highway P402 (Tyumen - Omsk) pass through the city.

Climate

The climate of the city is continental , characterized by severe snowy long winters, warm short summers and even shorter transitional seasons. The coldest month of the year is January with an average monthly air temperature of 18.4 ºС, the warmest is July with an average monthly temperature of + 17.8 ºС, the amplitude of average monthly temperatures is 36.2 ºС. Extreme temperatures are respectively equal - 40 ºС and + 40 ºС. The annual rainfall is 460 mm (according to other sources - 449 mm ^[1] ), most of them fall during the warm period. Snow cover lasts more than 5 months - an average of 161 days. The height of the snow cover reaches 30 cm by the end of winter. In winter, southeast, south, southwest winds prevail. In summer, winds of the north (20%) and north-west (19%) directions prevail. The most frequently recurring atmospheric phenomena include: fogs , snowstorms (formed at a wind speed of 6 m / s or more), thunderstorms (observed from April to September, but mainly in July (every third day of the month)), icy-frosty phenomena (observed in the cold season from October to May) ^[9] .

Timezone

As of January 1, 2019, the city was in 385th place out of 1,115 ^[28] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population ^[29] .

Yalutorovsk is one of the industrial centers for the processing of agricultural products produced in the southern regions of the Tyumen region . The city’s economy is characterized by a diversified diversified structure, its main sectors and sectors are the food industry (85% of the total output), the construction industry (5%), wood processing and furniture production (3.5%), metal processing (3%), and sewing (0.6%), printing (0.2%) industry.

The largest enterprises are: Yalutorovsky Dairy Plant (currently a branch of Danon Russia JSC ) ^[30] , Yalutorovsky Meat Processing Plant OJSC, Tyumenkhleboprodukt OJSC bread production plant, Yalutorovsk Automobile Plant OJSC OJSC (former center of the former a large industrial association, led to the leading positions in the industry and for many years led by Yalutorovite Victor Pavlovich Otekin, a memorial plaque on which until now adorns the central building of the plant management) since 2012, has been producing com welded pipes, CJSC “Combine of building materials”, Food processing plant “Yalutorovsky” (LLC), CJSC “Beton”, CJSC “Sibpromcentr”, Furniture factory “Intedi”, LLC “Yalutorovsky foundry”, MFI “Partner-Invest” (LTD). The products of Yalutor enterprises are highly appreciated at the All-Russian agro-industrial exhibitions, in the autonomous districts of the Tyumen region. Cooperation with the northern regions is carried out within the framework of regional programs and on the basis of direct agreements with Nefteyugansk , Pyt-Yakh , Salekhard .

Despite the fact that during the years of reforms, the city’s economy has undergone significant tests, in 2000 Yalutorovsk became the winner of the All-Russian contest “ Strategy for the Development of Small Cities ”, in 2003 - the second All-Russian contest of financial development “ Golden Ruble ” and was recognized as the best in the Urals Federal District in category "small town".

The Yalutor Museum Complex in 2008 reached the semifinal of the contest “ Seven Wonders of Russia ” (took 2nd place in the Urals Federal District , losing only to Chelyabinsk Arkaim ).

There are 4 objects of cultural heritage of federal significance in the city, all of them are connected with the Decembrists . The only specially protected natural area is also associated with the name of the Decembrists - the Decembrists Grove (79 ha) regional nature monument .

The Yalutorovsky Ostrog Museum in the Archaeological Gallery houses a copy of the oldest wooden burial boat found in Northern Eurasia, discovered in the Ingalskoye valley in the burial ground "Buzan III" in 1996 ^[31] .

The Federal Treasury Institution “Insurance Fund Storage Center” is based in Yalutorovsk (138 Ishimskaya St.) - a special repository of documents from federal archives, both duplicates and many originals, mainly “temporarily” exported to Western Siberia during World War II war and stuck there forever. In particular, a part of the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive is stored in the CCSF, including a collection of metric books of the churches of military units for the greater part of the 19th century, as well as a general file card for the personnel of the Russian Imperial Army during the First World War ^[32] (significant part of the file cabinet has been digitized and made publicly available ^[33] ).

• Savva Mamontov (1841-1918) - Russian entrepreneur and philanthropist.
• Irina Barzhak (born 1975) - andragog , member of the Union of Journalists of Russia.

• In preparation for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, a circular was sent out throughout the Russian Empire, which was instructed to find the living participants in the great battle. As a result, such a person was found in Yalutorovsk - Pavel Yakovlevich Tolstoguzov . In 1912, a participant in the battle of Borodino was a 117-year-old man, he saw and heard poorly, but at the same time, according to contemporaries, he was “quite peppy.” He was photographed by a specially sent photographer - in the photo next to him is his 80-year-old wife ^[34] . ^{[35] [36]}

• Only in 2017, the local historian Anatoly Zvezdin and the doctor of historical sciences Alexander Yarkov, on the basis of materials discovered in the archives of the Tyumen region, denied Tolstoguzov’s participation in the Patriotic War of 1812, due to the fact that he was born on November 5 (17), 1817 [1].

• In 2009, on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of Yalutorovsk, the Tyumen distillery Benat launched the production of Grad Yalutorovsk vodka.

• Yalutorovsk // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Abramov N. The city of Yalutorovsk with its district // Tobolsk Provincial Gazette . 1864. No. 25-29.
• Administrative-territorial division of the Tyumen region (XVII — XX centuries). - Tyumen, 2003 .-- 304 s. - ISBN 5-87591-025-9 .
• Anisimov S. The historic city of Yalutorovsk. M., 1930. 68 p.
• Afanasyeva L. German Yakovlevich Nazarov and his article, “The Experience of Reviewing the Yalutor District in the Natural-Historical Relations” // Yavlutur-Gorodok: Historical and Local Lore Almanac. Yalutorovsk, 2006.S. 37-42. - ISBN 5-9288-0101-7
• Bolotova A.G. History of the city of Yalutorovsk since ancient times. Yalutorovsk, 1997.95 s.
• Varlakov G. City of Yalutorovsk // Tobolsk Provincial Gazette. Collaborators and authors: Book I. Tyumen, 2004. S. 125-135. - ISBN 5-93020-315-6
• Zubarev N. Yalutorovsk. Sverdlovsk, 1978. 112 p.
• The historic city of Yalutorovsk: materials for the program of conservation and use of the historical and cultural population of the city and its surroundings. M., 1997.206 p.
• Terentyev N. Yalutorovsk. 1959.
• Turov S. Materials for the history of the Yalutorovsk fortress // Lukich. 2000. Part 1. P. 135-140.
• Turov S.V. Old Yalutorovsk: arable settlement, prison, city (XVII-XIX centuries) // Yearbook of the Tyumen region. local historian. the museum. 1994. Tyumen, 1997.S. 77-85. - ISBN 5-87591-004-6
• Yalutorovsk: a trace in history. Tyumen, 2003.280 s. - ISBN 5-9288-0030-4

• Administration of the city of Yalutorovsk
• History of the coat of arms of Yalutorovsk
• List of monuments of cultural heritage of Yalutorovsk in Wikigid
• O. Kochetkov. [www.uznal.narod.ru Unofficial site of the city of Yalutorovsk] (neopr.) . The site .