Clever Geek Handbook
📜 ⬆️ ⬇️

Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan

Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan ( Urdu تحریک طالبان پاکستان Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan , Pashto د پاکستان د طالبانو حرکت Də Pakistan də Talibano Harakat , Arabic. principle. Based in Federally Administered Tribal Areas . It is an association of the majority (not all) Pakistani groups [1] , created in December 2007 by Baytullah Mehsud on the basis of common goals: resistance to the "pro-Western" Pakistani government, the establishment of direct (unconstitutional, undemocratic) Sharia in Pakistan , Muslim India , resistance to NATO forces in the territories of Pakistan and Afghanistan . [2] [3] [4]

Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan
Urdu تحریک طالبان پاکستان
Flag of Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg
EthnicityPashtuns , Punjabis , Arabs and others
Religious affiliationIslam
MottoThere is no one worthy of worship except the One God, and Muhammad is His servant and messenger.
The leadersBaitullah Mehsud †
Hakimullah Mehsud †
Maulana Faysull †
Headquarters
Active inPakistan , Waziristan
Date of formation2007
Allies
  • Jamaat Jaish Al Al-Sunnah wa Jamaa
Waziristan
Afghanistan The taliban
Jihad IFES
Jihad IMU
Jihad Lashkar Taiba
Jihad LED
Caucasian Emirate
Al qaeda Al qaeda
Opponents Pakistan
NATO
Number of membersabout 30 thousand fighters ( 2009 )
Conflict EngagementWaziristan war
Syrian conflict
Large stocksAttack on Pakistan Navy Base in Karachi
Attack on Peshawar Army School
Websiteumarmedia.wordpress.com

The TTP is not merged with the Afghan Taliban , but these groups work closely together, especially in the fight against NATO . They differ in their history, slightly in purpose. In both organizations, Pashtuns predominate in the active part. [4] [5] [6]

Content

  • 1 History
    • 1.1 Foundation and formation of the organization
    • 1.2 Fighting Outside Pakistan
      • 1.2.1 Participation in the Syrian conflict
    • 1.3 Conflict in leadership
    • 1.4 Recognition by a terrorist organization
    • 1.5 Joining a part of the Taliban to the IG
  • 2 Organization structure
    • 2.1 Leaders
      • 2.1.1 Current
      • 2.1.2 Former
      • 2.1.3 Pakistani Taliban Non-TTP
    • 2.2 Officials
      • 2.2.1 Current
      • 2.2.2 Former
    • 2.3 Media
  • 3 See also
  • 4 notes
  • 5 Links

History

Foundation and organization

The prerequisites for the foundation of the TTP were the operations of the Pakistani army against organizations retreating into Pakistan that fought with NATO in Afghanistan ( Taliban , IMU , SID , Al Qaeda ), conducted in the Tribal Zone in early 2002. [2] In 2004, the BBC wrote:

This military operation was part of the general war against al-Qaeda ... Then the Pakistani military established that there are many Arabs, Chechens, Uzbeks who came to support the Afghans in these territories ... In July 2002, Pakistani troops entered the Tira Valley in Khyber for the first time in 55 years -Pakhtunkhwa . Soon they were already in the Shawal valley in North Waziristan , and then in the South ... This was possible only after long negotiations with tribal leaders who were reluctant to agree to let the Pakistani army into their territories. But as soon as hostilities began in South Waziristan, a number of Wazir tribes realized that this was an attempt to establish control over them. They did not want to extradite foreign fighters. Apparently, this happened due to the failed strategy of the Pakistani military. This military campaign turned into an undeclared conflict between the Pakistani army and the local population. [7]

Many TTP leaders are war veterans in Afghanistan . They supported the Taliban in the fight against NATO , providing him with fighters, training camps, and material assistance. [4] Since 2004, the tribal groups that later formed the TTP began to fight for influence in the Tribal Zone , periodically attacking or reconciling with official Islam Abad. During these disputes, about 200 elders of rival tribes died. [3] Pakistani analysts have repeatedly noted that attacks by American drones in the Tribal Zone increase tension in the region. For example, they single out a blow to the madrasah in Bajaur, which was a turning point in the history of Tehrike-Nafaz-Shariate-Muhammadi . [8]

In December 2007, the creation of Tehrike-Taliban Pakistan under the leadership of Baitullah Mehsud was announced. [3] On August 25, 2008, Pakistani authorities banned the organization, froze accounts and assets, banned publication in the media, and announced a reward for several TTP leaders. [9]

In December 2008 and January 2009, a delegation led by former Guantanamo prisoner Mullah Abdullah Zakir directed by Mullah Umar to unite the TTP groups for a common purpose and call for cooperation with the Afghan Taliban. Baitullah Mehsud, Hafiz Gul Bahadum and Mawlawi Nazir united to organize Shura Ittihadil-Mujahidin (Councils of the Mujahideen Union). [4] [10] [11] A statement circulated in Urdu stated that the three put aside all differences and swore allegiance to Mullah Umar and Osama bin Laden . [4] [10] However, shortly after the announcement, the council broke up. [8] [12]

Fighting Outside Pakistan

In one of the videos distributed by TTP in 2010, one of the organization’s members, Kari Mehsud, called cities in the United States the main target of TTP after numerous shelling of American drones. [13]

The TTP claimed responsibility for the bombing of CIA facilities at Camp Champ in Afghanistan , as well as in an attempt to bomb Times Square in May 2010. [14] [15] [15] [16] [17] [18]

In July 2012, he threatened to attack Myanmar , wanting to protect the Rohingya Muslims oppressed by local Buddhists in Arakan . The representative of the TTP, Ihsanullah, demanded that the Pakistani government break all relations with Burma and close its embassy in Islam Abad. TTP promised attacks on Burma’s interests in Pakistan if these requirements are not met. However, since TTP is still fighting in Pakistan, the organization’s ability to attack other states has been called into question. [19] [20]

Syrian Conflict

Tehrik-e-Taliban set up its camps and sent several hundred of its militants in the Syrian conflict to fight against the regime of Bashar al-Assad and to strengthen ties with Al Qaeda [21] . The media reported on the establishment of a Pakistani Taliban base in Syria [22] . One of the Pakistani Taliban commanders said: "Since our Arab friends came to help us here, we must in turn help them in their countries, which we do in Syria" [23] .

Management Conflict

In August 2009, Baytullah Mehsud died in an attack by an American drone . Soon, TTP held advice on the successor to the murdered leader. [24] Sources in the Pakistani government reported that then clashes broke out between supporters of Hakimullah Mehsud and Valiur Rahman. Pakistani television channels reported the death of Hakimullah during the shootout, but Interior Minister Rahman Malik did not confirm these rumors. [25]

On August 18, Pakistani security services announced the capture of Maulawi Umar, TTP's chief spokeswoman. He had previously denied Baytullah’s death, but now he has confirmed his death as a result of a missile strike. He also admitted that after this death in the TTP internal disagreements began. [26] After the capture of Maulawi Umar, Maulan Fakir Muhammad announced to the BBC that he would take over the temporary administration of the TTP, and Muslim Khan would serve as the main representative of the organization. He also claimed that Baytullah Mehsud was not killed, but died from an illness. Further, Maulana Fakir decided that decisions in the TTP would be made only after consultation with each of the leaders of its constituent groups. “The Tehrike-Taliban Council consists of 32 people, and no important decision can be made without each of them participating,” he said in an interview with the BBC. [27] [28] Also, Maulana Fakir told France Presse that both Hakimullah Mehsud and Valiur-Rahman approved his candidacy for the interim head of the TTP. [29] Immediately after this statement (it was not publicly confirmed by any fighter of the organization), rumors appeared that Maulana Fakir had become a leader as a result of the armed struggle for power. These rumors were actively fueled by the Pakistani agency Dawn News. [thirty]

Two days later, Maulana Fakir stepped down as interim head of the TTP, announcing that Hakimullah Mehsud was elected leader. [31] He also stated that Council 32 elected Azzam Tariqi as the main representative of the TTP instead of Muslim Khan. [32]

With the advent of Hakimullah, the TTP again intensified the practice of suicide attacks on Pakistani military and civil servants, as well as Muslim sectarians - Shiites, Ahmadis, Sufis. [8]

Sources in the government of Pakistan and the TTP reported that Hakimullah Mehsud died of his wounds after a drone attack in January 2010. According to unconfirmed reports from the Orakzai agency, after that, Malik Nur Jamal (aka Maulana Tufan) became the temporary head of the TTP. [33] [34]

Reuters, citing The Express Tribune, reported that in July 2011, the position of Hakimullah Mehsud weakened after the rebellion of Fazal Saeed Haqqani, leader of the TTP in the Kurram region. Haqqani disagreed with Mehsud regarding the attack on civilians (including Shiite sectarians, Ahmadites and Sufis). The document attributed to Mehsud states: “It looks like he (Fazal Said) is now just a spy in our ranks ... It is unlikely that he has a connection with commanders in other regions. Now he is in complete isolation, few people from TTP know where he is. ” [35]

In December 2011, The Express Tribune described how "the network is crumbling, it has no money, and internal divisions are growing." According to rank and file members of the TTP, disagreements are growing in the leadership of the TTP over the admissibility of negotiations with the Pakistani government. [36] A year later, senior Pakistani military officials will say that Mehsud has lost control of the group, and Valiur-Rahman will become its new leader. [37] Then a video appeared where Mehsud and Valiur-Rahman are sitting together, and Mehsud announced that the information about their struggle is just propaganda stuffing. [38]

Terrorist Recognition

On September 1, 2010, the United States recognized TTP as a foreign terrorist organization, and Hakimullah Mehsud and Valiur-Rahman as particularly dangerous international terrorists. The US State Department promises a reward of $ 5 million for any information on the whereabouts of these people. Recognition as a “foreign terrorist organization” in the USA means a ban on cooperation with the organization and the right to freeze its accounts and assets. [39] [40]

In January and July 2011, the governments of Britain and Canada respectively recognized TTP as a terrorist organization. [41] [42]

Part of the Taliban joining the IG

On January 10, 2015, a video appeared on the Internet where former Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan representative Abu Umar Makbul (known as Shahidullah Shahid) announced that several Taliban units were uniting under the leadership of Hafiz Saeed Khan from Orakzai and swearing allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader Islamic state . " In a video in Arabic with subtitles on Pashto , the oath of some units is announced, and the Pakistani military is also chopped off. According to the report, the leader of the Pakistani Taliban, Mullah Fazlullah, did not encroach on allegiance to the Islamic State, as he is currently on the run in connection with the ongoing military operations in the North of Waziristan aimed at eradicating his group. The following groups and tribes swore allegiance to the IS: the Kambar-Khel clan ( Khyber agency ), the Gul-Bali clan ( Bajaur ), the Khuseyf clan ( Dir district ), the famous Afghan theologian Sheikh Abdur-Rakhim Muslim Dost (announced the support of the IG before), the detachments Gulyam-Rasul ( Waziristan ), Ansar-ul-Mujahidin ( Waziristan ) detachments, Kari Harun detachments ( Kunar province ), Abu Abdul-Llah detachments ( Nangarhar province ), as well as “many people from Karachi to Kabul and Kunduz ”, among them Hafiz Saeed Khan ( Orakzai ), Gul Zaman, al-Fatih ( Khyber agency ), Umar Mansour (listed as "Representat Applicant of the Red Mosque in Islamabad "), Saad Al-Emirate (province Logar ), Ubayd-Ullah Peshawari (chapter" Troops of Tawheed and Jihad "in Peshawar ), Dzhavvad (representative of Abd al-Qahira Khurasani, the head of the group" Heroes of Islam ", had previously sworn IS), Sheikh Mukhsin (field commander from Kunar ), Talha (field commander from Marvat ), Hafiz Davlyat Khan (field commander from Kurram district), Khalid Mansur (field commander from Hangu district ), Sheikh Mufti Hassan (field commander from Peshawar ) [43] [44] .

Organization Structure

The main difference between the structure of the TTP and the structure of the Taliban is the weakness of the central command and the fragmentation of the groups belonging to the TTP, united by hostility to the Pakistani government. [5] [6] [45] Some analysts tend to think of TTP as a free network of disparate groups of varying sizes and levels of training. [8] The groups included in the TPP are usually limited to their local spheres of influence and often do not have the ability to expand the territory. [46]

Initially, Baitullah Mehsud was elected the head, the emir of TTP. Further in the hierarchy of the organization was Hafiz Gul Bahadur - naib (deputy) amir. The third most influential was Maulana Fakir Muhammad. [3]

The TTP included members from all seven agencies of the Tribal Zone, as well as several areas of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province , such as Swat , Buner, Tank, Dera Ismail Khan, Bannu, Lucky Marvat, Kohistan, Malakanda and others. [3] According to some estimates, In 2008, the TTP included 30 - 35 thousand fighters, but it is difficult to judge the reliability of such estimates. [2]

Leaders

Current

  • Sheikh Khalid Haqqani - naib (deputy) Amir TTP, [47] head of the main shura (council); [48] [49]
  • Shakil Ahmad Haqqani (pseudonym - Kari Shakil) - head of the TTP shura on political issues; [49] [50] [51]
  • Shahriyar Mehsud (pseudonym - Shahbaz) - head of the TPP in North Waziristan; [52]
  • Khan Said (pseudonyms - Sajna Mehsud, Khalid Sajna) - head of the TPP in South Waziristan; [53]
  • Abdul-Vali (pseudonyms - Umar Khalid, Umeir Khalifa [54] ) - the head of the TTP in Momanda, [55] as well as the leader of some units, such as Jundullah, Jaish-Osama. [54] Formerly head of the TPP in the Valley of Thira; [50] [56]
  • Mufti Nur Vali - head of TTP in Karachi; [57]
  • Asmatullah Muawiya - the head of the TTP in Punjab, [58] the head of the Djunude-Hafsa detachment; [59]
  • Mangal Bagh Afridi - the head of Lashkar-Islam (in the Khybar district), a key ally of the TTP; [60]
  • Adnan Rashid - head of Ansarul-Asif (“Assistants to the Sufferers”, TTP squad for the release of prisoners); [61]
  • Muhammad Arif (pseudonym - Kaka, "Uncle") - head of the TTP in Darra Adam Hel; [62]
  • Maulana Abu Bakr - Amir of TTP in Bajaur District; [50] [63]
  • Shah Jahan - Amir of TTP in Swabi District; [64]
  • Hammad - Kadyi (Sharia judge) TTP; [fifty]
  • Khalid Sayful-Muhajir is the head of the TTP media department. [65]

Former

  • Maulana Fazlullah - Radio Mullah, the current Amir of TTP, the immediate head of the Taliban in the Swat Valley; killed June 13, 2018.
  • Hafiz Saeed Khan - Amir of TTP in Orakzai County; [66] [67] Moved to the Islamic State, appointed Amir of the Vilayat Hurasan.
  • Maulana Gul Zaman al-Fatih - Amir of TTP in Khaibar district; [68] Moved to the IG.
  • Mufti Hassan Swati - head of the TPP in Peshawar; [69] Moved to the IG.
  • Hafiz Daulat Khan (pseudonym - Hafiz Ahmad) - Amir of TTP in Kurram; [70] Moved to the IG.
  • Baytullah Mehsud - the first amir of TTP (died in 2009); [3] [71]
  • Hakimullah Mehsud - the second amir of the TTP [71] [72] and the amir of the Jundullah detachment [73] (died November 1, 2013); [74] [75]
  • Valiur-Rahman Mehsud - Naib Amir TTP and the head of the Taliban in South Waziristan [76] (died May 29, 2013); [77] [78]
  • Abdullah Bahar Mehsud - Naib Amir TTP and adviser to Hakimullah Mehsud (died November 1, 2013); [79]
  • Кари Хуссайн Мехсуд — заместитель Байтуллаха Мехсуда [80] (умер 7 октября 2010 года); [81]
  • Маулави Мухаммад Ифтихар — входил в шестерку влиятельнейших руководителей в ТТП, бывший глава Лал-Масджид (умер 14 октября 2011 года); [82]
  • Мулла Дадуллах — глава ТТП в Баджауре (умер 24 августа 2012); [83]
  • Маулави Аббас Вазир — глава ТТП в Ване (умер 21 декабря 2012); [84]
  • Вали Мухаммад Мехсуд (псевдоним — Туфан «Буря») — связан с отрядом фидаинов (смертников), [85] глава ТТП в Ване [86] (умер 21 января 2014); [87]
  • Тарик Африди (псевдоним — Гидар) — командир ТТП в округе Хайбар, Пехаваре, Кохате, Ханге (умер 29 августа 2012); [88] [89] [90]
  • Маулави Сайфуддин — глава ТТП в Банну (умер 19 ноября 2013); [91]
  • Асматулла Шахин Бхитани — бывший глава верховной шуры ТТП (умер 24 февраля 2014); [48] [92] [93] [94] [95]
  • Маулави Фархад Узбаки — глава отряда Ансар аль-Муджахидин (умер 21 января 2014); [96]
  • Ахунзада Аслам Фаруки — бывший глава ТТП в округе Оракзай; [67] [97]
  • Маулави Малик Нур Джамаль (псевдоним — Мулла Туфан «Мулла-Буря») — бывший глава ТТП в Курраме; [70]
  • Латиф Мехсуд (также Латифуллах Мехсуд) — наиб амира ТТП и глава талибов Мираншаха (арестован 5 октября 2013); [73] [98]
  • Факир Мухаммад — наиб амира, с марта 2012 — рядовой боец ТТП (арестован 18 февраля 2013); [90] [99] [100] [101]
  • Суфи Мухаммад — лидер Техрике-Нафазе-Шариате-Мухаммади в долине Сват (арестован 5 июня 2009). [102]
  • Маулави Назир - западная часть южного Вазиристана. Скончался 2 января 2013 года [103] [104] [105] .

Пакистанские талибы, не входящие в ТТП

  • Хафиз Гуль Бахадур — предполагаемый амир ТТП в Северном Вазиристане, [3] недавно стал оцениваться как про-пакистанский талиб. Полность сосредоточен на войне с НАТО в Афганистане; [8]
  • Бахаваль Хан Вазир (псевдоним — Салахуд-Дин аль-Аййуби) — преемник Маулави Назира; [103] [106]
  • Маулави Назир — глава талибов в западной части Южного Вазирситана (умер 2 января 2013); [12] [103] [107] [108]
  • Кари Зайнуддин Мехсуд — соперник Байтуллаха Мехсуда (умер 23 июня 2009). [109]

Официальные представители

Нынешние

  • Мухаммад Раис Хан Мехсуд (псевдонимы — Аззам Тарик, [110] Асимуллах Асим Мехсуд [111] [112] ) — пресс-секретарь ТТП в Южном Вазиристане и пресс-секретарь талибов племени Мехсуд; [113]
  • Дауд Мехсуд (также Хаджи Дауд [114] и просто Дауд [115] ) — пресс-секретарь ТТП в Северном Вазиристане под руководством Шахрияра Мехсуда; [52] [116]
  • Умар Мукаррам Хурасани — пресс-секретарь талибов округа и племени Моманд; [117] [118] [119]
  • Мухаммад Африди — пресс-секретарь ТТП в округах Дарра Адам Хель и Хайбар; [120]
  • Сираджуддин Ахмад — пресс-секретарь ТТП в долине Сват; [121]
  • Умейр Африди — представитель Лашкаре-Ислам (агентство Хайбар); [122]
  • Ахмад Марват — представитель отряда Джундуллах; [123]
  • Абу Хамза — пресс-секретарь отряда Джайше-Усама. [124]

Бывшие

  • Шейх Абу Умар Макбуль (псевдоним — Шахидуллах Шахид) — главный представитель ТТП [125] [126] [127] и представитель талибов в агентстве Оракзай; [128] За поддерку ИГ был уволен в октябре 2014 года [129] .
  • Абу Басыр — представитель отряда Ансаруль-Муджахидин; [130] Перешёл в ИГ.
  • Саджад Моманд (псевдоним — Ихсануллах Ихсан) [131] — до 9 июля 2013 г. главный представитель ТТП; [118] [132]
  • Саид Моманд (псевдонимы — Маулави Умар, Абдуль-Вали [133] ) — ближайший помощник Байтуллы Мехсуда (арестован 17 августа 2009); [134] [135]
  • Муслим Хан — временный главный представитель ТТП после смерти Байтуллаха Мехсуда (арестован 11 сентября 2009); [136]
  • Икрамуллах Моманд (псевдонимы — Икрамуллах Тураби, Кари Икрамуллах) — пресс-секретарь талибов Моманда (арестован 28 декабря 2013); [118] [137] [138] [139] [140] [141]
  • Асад Саид (псевдоним — доктор Асад) — пресс-секретарь талибов Моманда; [51] [142] [143]
  • Мухаммад Сулейман — пресс-секретарь ТТП в Ване; [86] [113]
  • Юнус Хан (псевдоним — Абдур-Рашид Лашкари) — пресс-секретарь Лашкаре-Ислам (умер 22 сентября 2013 года). [144] [145]

Медиа

Медиа-отделением ТТП является агентство «Умар» (предположительно в честь муллы Умара ). [146] «Умар медиа» предоставляет возможность увидеть внутреннюю жизнь ТТП. В основном видео делаются на урду или на пушту с субтитрами на урду. [147] [148] В сентябре 2012 года ТТП создало страницу на FaceBook, по словам Ихсануллы Ихсана, «страница была создана на время, до того как будет создан собственный веб-сайт ТТП». В спецслужбах считали, что страница являлась местом вербовки для медиа-отдела ТТП. [149] [150] Вскоре страница была удалена администрацией FaceBook. [150]

See also

  • Тарар, Султан Амир

Notes

  1. ↑ Yusufzai, Rahimullah. A Who's Who of the Insurgency in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province: Part One – North and South Waziristan (англ.) // Terrorism Monitor : journal. — 2008. — 22 September ( vol. 6 , no. 18 ).
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 Bajoria, Jayshree Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists (неопр.) . Council on Foreign Relations (6 февраля 2008). Дата обращения 30 марта 2009. Архивировано 14 мая 2009 года.
  3. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abbas, Hassan. A Profile of Tehrik-I-Taliban Pakistan (неопр.) // CTC Sentinel. — West Point, NY: Combating Terrorism Center , 2008. — January ( т. 1 , № 2 ). — С. 1—4 .
  4. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Carlotta Gall , Ismail Khan, Pir Zubair Shah and Taimoor Shah . Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of US Influx , New York Times (26 марта 2009). Дата обращения 27 марта 2009.
  5. ↑ 1 2 Shane, Scott . Insurgents Share a Name, but Pursue Different Goals , The New York Times , The New York Times Company (October 22, 2009). Date of treatment January 26, 2011.
  6. ↑ 1 2 Siddiqa, Ayesha. Pakistan's Counterterrorism Strategy: Separating Friends from Enemies // The Washington Quarterly : magazine. - 2011. - Vol. 34 , no. 1 . - P. 149-162 . - DOI : 10.1080 / 0163660X.2011.53836 .
  7. ↑ Pakistan's undeclared war
  8. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Fair, C. Christine. The Militant Challenge in Pakistan (Neopr.) // Asia Policy. - 2011. - January ( t. 11 , No. 1 ). - S. 105-137 . - DOI : 10.1353 / asp.2011.0010 .
  9. ↑ Shahzad, Syed Saleem . Setback for Pakistan's terror drive , Asia Times (August 26, 2008). Archived April 30, 2014. Date of treatment August 26, 2008.
  10. ↑ 1 2 Khan, Haji Mujtaba . Taliban rename their group , The Nation (February 23, 2009). Archived March 31, 2009. Date of treatment March 30, 2009.
  11. ↑ Three Taliban factions form Shura Ittehad-ul-Mujahiden , The News (February 23, 2009). Archived November 25, 2009. Date of treatment March 30, 2009.
  12. ↑ 1 2 Roggio, Bill . South Waziristan Taliban Groups Clash , The Long War Journal (August 16, 2009). Date of treatment August 26, 2009.
  13. ↑ Roggio, Bill . Hakeemullah Mehsud breaks his silence, threatens US , Long War Journal (May 3, 2010). Date of treatment May 6, 2010.
  14. ↑ Bajoria, Jayshree; Greg Bruno. Shared Goals for Pakistan's Militants (unopened) (link not available) . Council on Foreign Relations (May 6, 2010). Date of treatment January 26, 2011. Archived November 25, 2010.
  15. ↑ 1 2 Mazzetti, Mark . Evidence Mounts for Taliban Role in Car Bomb Plot , New York Times (May 6, 2010). Date of treatment May 6, 2010.
  16. ↑ Pakistan Taliban say they carried out CIA attack , MSNBC News (January 1, 2010). Date of treatment March 1, 2011.
  17. ↑ Georgy, Michael . ANALYSIS - CIA bomber video publicity coup for Pakistan Taliban , Reuters , Thomson Reuters (January 11, 2010). Date of treatment March 1, 2011.
  18. ↑ Berger, Joseph . Pakistani Taliban Behind Times Sq. Plot, Holder Says , The New York Times (May 2, 2010). Date of treatment May 9, 2010.
  19. ↑ Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan threaten Myanmar over Rohingya , The Express Tribune
  20. ↑ Pak Taliban threaten to attack Myanmar over Rohingya Muslims (July 26, 2012).
  21. ↑ Golovnina, Maria . Pakistan Taliban set up camps in Syria, join anti-Assad war , Reuters (July 14, 2013). Date of treatment July 14, 2013.
  22. ↑ Wali, Ahmed . BBC News - Pakistan Taliban 'sets up a base in Syria' , Bbc.co.uk (July 12, 2013). Date of treatment July 14, 2013.
  23. ↑ Pakistan Taliban set up camps in Syria, join anti-Assad war - Al Arabiya English
  24. ↑ Pakistani Taliban head's death a blow to militant
  25. ↑ Fighting erupts between Taliban rivals , Financial Times (August 8, 2009). Accessed August 8, 2009. “Pakistani news channels were carrying unconfirmed reports that Hakimullah Mehsud, one of the movement's most powerful commanders, had been killed at a shura, or council meeting, held to decide who would succeed slain leader Baitullah Mehsud. "The infighting was between Wali-ur-Rehman and Hakimullah Mehsud," Interior Minister Rehman Malik told Reuters. "We have information that one of them has been killed. Who was killed we will be able to say later after confirming."
  26. ↑ Khan, Ismail . Pakistan Captures Top Taliban Aide , New York Times (August 18, 2008). Date of treatment August 19, 2008.
  27. ↑ Pakistan Taliban spokesman named , BBC News (August 19, 2009). Date of treatment August 19, 2009.
  28. ↑ Maulvi Faqeer acting Tehrik-i-Taliban chief: report , Dawn (August 19, 2009). Archived August 21, 2009. Date of treatment August 19, 2009.
  29. ↑ Faqir claims TTP leadership, Muslim Khan replaces Omer , Daily Times (August 20, 2009). Date of treatment August 20, 2009.
  30. ↑ Rifts as Pakistani Taliban deputy claims leadership , Dawn News (August 20, 2009). Archived August 25, 2009. Date of treatment August 20, 2009.
  31. ↑ Hakeemullah annnounced new leader - doubts linger , Dawn News (August 23, 2009). Archived August 26, 2009. Date of treatment August 23, 2009.
  32. ↑ Khan, Hasbanullah . Hakeemullah appointed Baitullah's "successor" , Daily Times (August 23, 2009). Date of treatment August 24, 2009.
  33. ↑ Sources: Pakistani Taliban leader is dead , CNN (February 9, 2010). Date of treatment February 11, 2010.
  34. ↑ Maulana Toofan new acting TTP chief? , Jang Multimedia (February 10, 2010). Archived February 10, 2010. Date of treatment February 11, 2010.
  35. ↑ Pakistan Taliban leader "isolated," facing splits: report , Reuters , Thomson Reuters (July 5, 2011). Date of treatment July 10, 2011.
  36. ↑ Khan, Zia . Twilight of the Taliban: TTP buckles under internal fissures, external pressure , The Express Tribune , The Express Tribune News Network (December 19, 2011). Date of treatment December 19, 2011.
  37. ↑ Zahra-Malik, Mehreen . Exclusive: Emerging Pakistan Taliban chief to focus on Afghan war , Reuters (December 6, 2012). Date of treatment December 6, 2012.
  38. ↑ Mehsud, Saud . Pakistan Taliban chief says group will negotiate, but not disarm , Reuters (December 28, 2012). Date of treatment December 28, 2012.
  39. ↑ Designations of Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan and Two Senior Leaders (Neopr.) . US State Department (September 1, 2010). Date of appeal September 15, 2010.
  40. ↑ Savage, Charlie . US Adds Legal Pressure on Pakistani Taliban , The New York Times (September 1, 2010). Date of treatment March 1, 2011.
  41. ↑ Britain Moves to Ban Pakistani Taliban , VOA News , Voice of America (January 18, 2011). Date of treatment February 8, 2011.
  42. ↑ Macleod, Ian . Canada bans Pakistani Taliban as a terror group , Vancouver Sun , Canada: Postmedia Network Inc. (July 5, 2011). Archived July 18, 2011. Date of treatment July 11, 2011.
  43. ↑ Pakistani Taliban sworn allegiance to ISIS
  44. ↑ الدولة الإسلامية || إصدار جديد || بيعة من أمراء المجاهدين في خراسان لأمير المؤمنين (حفظه الله) Archived on January 21, 2015.
  45. ↑ Elias, Barbara. Know Thine Enemy (English) // Foreign Affairs : magazine. - 2009. - 2 November.
  46. ↑ Error in footnotes ? : Invalid <ref> ; no nyt20100506 for nyt20100506
  47. ↑ Pakistani Taliban elect Mullah Fazlullah as new chief (November 7, 2013). Date of treatment November 7, 2013.
  48. ↑ 1 2 Yusufzai, Mushtaq . Taliban Shura decides to target media outlets, journalists (December 4, 2013). Date of treatment December 4, 2013.
  49. ↑ 1 2 Banned TTP's Shura Council meeting today (January 31, 2014). Date of treatment January 31, 2014.
  50. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Abdullah, Hasan . The TTP who's who (January 21, 2014). Date of treatment January 21, 2014.
  51. ↑ 1 2 Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion. - Oxford University Press , 2013 .-- P. 372. - ISBN 9780199893096 .
  52. ↑ 1 2 Mir, Amir . TTP power struggle intensifies (November 3, 2013). Date of treatment November 10, 2013.
  53. ↑ Yusufzai, Mushtaq . Hakimullah buried secretly (November 3, 2013). Date of treatment November 3, 2013.
  54. ↑ 1 2 Javed, Salman TTP Profile Series: Omar Khalid Khorasani and Mohmand Chapter (neopr.) . pakistankakhudahafiz.com (March 1, 2014). Date of treatment March 19, 2014.
  55. ↑ Roggio, Bill . Pakistan strikes deal with the Taliban in Mohmand , Long War Journal (May 28, 2008). Date of treatment August 26, 2009.
  56. ↑ 20 militants killed in Tirah air raids: official (January 5, 2013). Date of treatment October 3, 2013.
  57. ↑ JAAG TV Obtains Picture Of TTP Karachi Chief (unopened) (link not available) . Jaag TV (March 3, 2014). Date of treatment April 16, 2014. Archived on April 16, 2014.
  58. ↑ Dawar, Rasool Pakistan: Militants at odds after government's offer of peace talks (neopr.) . The Christian Science Monitor (August 24, 2013). Date of treatment August 26, 2013.
  59. ↑ Talks with govt on basis of principles possible: Moavia (October 21, 2013). Date of treatment November 3, 2013. (unavailable link)
  60. ↑ Abbas Zaidi, Syed Manzar The Role of Lashkar-i-Islam in Pakistan's Khyber Agency (Neopr.) (Link not available) . Combating Terrorism Center (October 1, 2010). Date of treatment November 3, 2013. Archived November 11, 2014.
  61. ↑ Roggio, Bill Taliban, IMU form Ansar al Aseer to free jihadist prisoners (neopr.) . Long War Journal (February 5, 2013). Date of treatment July 12, 2013.
  62. ↑ Dara Adamkhel Taliban weakened by Tariq Afridi's death , centralasiaonline.com (March 25, 2013). Date of treatment April 10, 2013.
  63. ↑ TTP confirms Dadullah killing, names new chief of Bajaur , Khyber News . Archived October 4, 2013. Date of treatment October 3, 2013.
  64. ↑ Held militants reveal name of their chief in Swabi (November 19, 2013). Date of treatment January 10, 2014.
  65. ↑ Abdullah, Hasan . Foreign militants seeking 'safe passage' (April 25, 2014). Date of treatment May 3, 2014.
  66. ↑ New Taliban Leader Named as Khan Syed Mehsud , International Business Times (November 2, 2013). Date of treatment November 3, 2013.
  67. ↑ 1 2 Roggio, Bill . Emir tells of Taliban's rise to power in remote Pakistani tribal agency , Long War Journal (May 30, 2012). Date of treatment November 2, 2013.
  68. ↑ No peace talks with govt: TTP (November 4, 2013). Date of treatment November 4, 2013.
  69. ↑ Gul, Pazir . 'TTP Peshawar chief' owns up to Tuesday's sectarian attack (February 6, 2014). Date of treatment February 6, 2014.
  70. ↑ 1 2 Taliban claim bombing at political rally, name new emir of Kurram , Long War Journal (May 6, 2013). Date of treatment November 4, 2013.
  71. ↑ 1 2 Taliban confirm commander's death , BBC News (August 25, 2009). Date of treatment August 25, 2009.
  72. ↑ Pakistan launches Taliban offensive (neopr.) . aljazeera.com (October 18, 2009). Date of treatment May 9, 2010.
  73. ↑ 1 2 Mir, Amir . TTP headed for major split as Mehsud promotes his driver (September 26, 2013). Date of treatment October 3, 2013.
  74. ↑ Pakistani Taliban chief Hakimullah Mehsud killed in drone attack (November 1, 2013). Date of treatment November 1, 2013.
  75. ↑ Pakistani Taliban confirm death of Hakimullah Mehsud in US drone strike , Voice of Russia (November 1, 2013). Date of treatment November 1, 2013.
  76. ↑ Roggio, Bill . Pakistani Taliban deputy leader Waliur Rehman threatens Britain , Long War Journal (March 31, 2012). Date of treatment January 7, 2013.
  77. ↑ Pakistan Taliban: Senior leader 'killed in US drone strike' , BBC News (May 29, 2013).
  78. ↑ TTP confirms Waliur Rehman's death; suspends talks (May 30, 2013). Date of treatment May 30, 2013.
  79. ↑ TTP chief among six killed in NWA drone strike (November 2, 2013). Date of treatment November 2, 2013.
  80. ↑ Hasan, Syed Shoaib , M Ilyas Khan. Profile: Baitullah Mehsud , BBC News (March 26, 2009). Date of treatment June 9, 2009.
  81. ↑ Drones ever-closer to Pakistan's militants
  82. ↑ Xiang, Zhang . Gunmen kill prominent Pakistan Taliban commander , Xinhua (October 14, 2011). Date of treatment October 27, 2011.
  83. ↑ Mullah Dadullah killed in drone strike - thenews.com.pk
  84. ↑ Key Taliban commander among five killed in Pakistan blast (December 21, 2012). Date of treatment July 12, 2013.
  85. ↑ Sajjad Syed, Baqir . 36 foreign fighters among dead (January 22, 2014). Date of treatment January 23, 2014.
  86. ↑ 1 2 Roggio, Bill Pakistani Taliban enlist 6 local groups in Wana region of South Waziristan (neopr.) . Long War Journal (November 8, 2010). Date of treatment February 11, 2011.
  87. ↑ 36 foreign militants killed in Pakistan air strikes (January 22, 2014). Date of treatment January 23, 2014.
  88. ↑ The Pakistani Taliban's top leaders Archived on September 19, 2014.
  89. ↑ Mystery surrounds reports over killing of TTP's Tariq Afridi (February 15, 2013). Date of treatment October 3, 2013.
  90. ↑ 1 2 Maulvi Faqir nabbed! .
  91. ↑ Banned TTP's local chief killed in suicide attack , Dunya News (November 19, 2013). Date of treatment November 19, 2013.
  92. ↑ Roggio, Bill . Pakistani Taliban names interim emir, spokesman says , Long War Journal (November 3, 2013). Date of treatment November 3, 2013.
  93. ↑ 'Most wanted' TTP commander killed in Miramshah ambush (February 24, 2014). Date of treatment February 24, 2014.
  94. ↑ Dean, Lewis . Pakistan Taliban Commander Asmatullah Shaheen 'Shot Dead' in North Waziristan , International Business Times (February 24, 2014). Date of treatment February 24, 2014.
  95. ↑ Khan, Tahir . Asmatullah's killing: TTP blames Pakistan, American agencies (February 26, 2014). Date of treatment February 26, 2014.
  96. ↑ Yousaf, Kamran . North Waziristan: TTP shura leader, master trainer killed in air strikes, say officials (January 23, 2014). Date of treatment January 31, 2014.
  97. ↑ TTP leader Aslam Farooqi insists he hasn't surrendered .
  98. ↑ Pakistani Taliban 'No.2' captured in Afghanistan (October 11, 2013). Date of treatment October 11, 2013.
  99. ↑ Yusufzai, Mushtaq . TTP removes Maulvi Faqir as deputy chief (March 5, 2012). Date of treatment March 5, 2012.
  100. ↑ Pakistan Taliban removes deputy head Maulvi Faqir Mohammad , BBC (March 5, 2012). Date of treatment March 5, 2012.
  101. ↑ Former Pakistani Taliban No 2 arrested in Afghanistan: Reports .
  102. ↑ Sufi Muhammad, two sons arrested (neopr.) . Indian Express (June 5, 2009). Date of treatment July 12, 2013.
  103. ↑ 1 2 3 The Afghan-Pakistan militant nexus (neopr.) . BBC (February 5, 2013). Date of treatment May 12, 2014.
  104. ↑ Schmidle, Nicholas The Idiot's Guide to Pakistan (Neopr.) (Unavailable link) (March 2009). Date of treatment February 25, 2011. Archived November 6, 2013.
  105. ↑ Pakistan militant Mullah Nazir 'killed in drone attack' , BBC News (January 3, 2013). Date of treatment January 3, 2013.
  106. ↑ Taliban's Mullah Nazir killed in drone strike in Pak (January 3, 2013). Date of treatment January 4, 2013.
  107. ↑ Schmidle, Nicholas The Idiot's Guide to Pakistan (Neopr.) (Unavailable link) (March 2009). Date of treatment February 25, 2011. Archived November 6, 2013.
  108. ↑ Pakistan militant Mullah Nazir 'killed in drone attack' , BBC News (January 3, 2013). Date of treatment January 3, 2013.
  109. ↑ Baitullah's rival killed in Dera Ismail Khan (June 23, 2009). Date of treatment May 30, 2013.
  110. ↑ Pakistan captures wanted South Waziristan Taliban commander , Long War Journal (November 27, 2009). Date of treatment January 2, 2014.
  111. ↑ Firdous, Iftikhar . Deadly drones: Hakimullah Mehsud is dead - again (January 15, 2012). Date of treatment March 19, 2014.
  112. ↑ Ali, Tahir . TTP group seeks commander Azam's sacking (April 26, 2014). Date of treatment May 4, 2014.
  113. ↑ 1 2 Pakistan Taliban confirms leader killed in drone attack (November 2, 2013). Date of treatment November 3, 2013.
  114. ↑ Sherazi, Zahir Shah . Afghan Taliban seek tribesmen's help to stop TTP infighting (April 14, 2014). Date of appeal April 16, 2014.
  115. ↑ Reconciliation bid: Haqqani appointed as TTP interim chief for South Waziristan (May 13, 2014). Date of treatment May 13, 2014.
  116. ↑ Ali, Tahir . Confusion prevails over who leads Taliban in SWA (May 12, 2014). Date of treatment May 13, 2014.
  117. ↑ Reviving peace talks: TTP declares ceasefire (March 2, 2014). Date of treatment March 19, 2014.
  118. ↑ 1 2 3 Taliban infighting, firing of spokesman to deepen rifts, analysts say , centralasiaonline.com (July 17, 2013). Date of treatment November 4, 2013.
  119. ↑ Roggio, Bill . Taliban claim the execution of 23 Pakistani Frontier Corps troops , Long War Journal (February 17, 2014). Date of treatment March 19, 2014.
  120. ↑ Bashir Bilour assassinated: Secretary, 7 others die in blast (December 23, 2012). Archived December 28, 2012. Date of treatment December 29, 2012.
  121. ↑ Taliban's Fazlullah threatens to kill Malala's father (October 12, 2012). Date of treatment January 4, 2013.
  122. ↑ Retaliation airstrikes: 35 killed in Khyber Agency (April 25, 2014). Date of treatment May 12, 2014.
  123. ↑ Pakistani Taliban's Jundullah group claims responsibility for Sukkur attack (July 25, 2013). Date of treatment November 3, 2013.
  124. ↑ Nabi, Ahmad . Not bound to follow ceasefire: Jaish-e-Usama (March 5, 2014). Date of treatment March 19, 2014.
  125. ↑ Pakistani Taliban Fires Spokesman For Controversial Remarks , Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty (July 10, 2013). Date of treatment November 2, 2013.
  126. ↑ TTP Freed Over 200 Inmates In DI Khan Jailbreak (July 31, 2013). Date of treatment August 26, 2013.
  127. ↑ Dawar, Ihsan . TTP shows willingness to conditional peace talks (December 4, 2013). Archived December 30, 2013. Date of treatment December 29, 2013.
  128. ↑ TTP claims its commander Hafiz Saeed is alive (January 24, 2014). Date of treatment January 25, 2014.
  129. ↑ Isis ascent in Syria and Iraq weakening Pakistani Taliban (neopr.) . The Guardian (October 23, 2014). Date of treatment October 24, 2014.
  130. ↑ Death toll in twin suicide bombings in Pakistan reaches 57 (neopr.) . nationalturk.com (July 27, 2013). Date of treatment November 3, 2013.
  131. ↑ Taliban Spokesman Is Ousted for 'Creating Mistrust' (July 10, 2013). Date of treatment December 29, 2013.
  132. ↑ Zahra, Mehreen . Pakistan Taliban sack spokesman in sign of growing divisions , Reuters (July 9, 2013). Date of treatment July 12, 2013.
  133. ↑ 40 terrorists held in internment centers of FATA (January 2, 2014). Date of treatment January 3, 2014.
  134. ↑ TTPs chief spokesman captured: Maulvi Umar confirms Baitullah`s death (August 19, 2009). Date of treatment May 4, 2014.
  135. ↑ Roggio, Bill . Pakistani Taliban's Top Spokesman Captured in Mohmand , Long War Journal (August 18, 2009). Date of treatment August 26, 2009.
  136. ↑ How TTP Swat Spokesman Muslim Khan was arrested (neopr.) . GroundReport (September 11, 2009). Date of treatment February 4, 2013. (unavailable link)
  137. ↑ Confusion about identity of TTP man detained in Afghanistan (December 30, 2013). Date of treatment December 30, 2013.
  138. ↑ Taliban offer prisoner swap, threaten to kill Pakistani troops (June 23, 2010). Archived on January 9, 2014. Date of treatment January 9, 2014.
  139. ↑ Taliban factions fight over Karachi turf (October 25, 2013). Date of treatment November 4, 2013.
  140. ↑ Banned TTP commander Ikramullah Turabi captured in Afghanistan , SAMAA TV (December 28, 2013). Archived March 1, 2014. Date of treatment December 29, 2013.
  141. ↑ ISAF captures TTP Commander Ikram Ullah ( unopened ) (link not available) . onlinenews.com.pk (December 29, 2013). Date of treatment December 29, 2013. Archived December 30, 2013.
  142. ↑ Khan, Raza The Battle for Pakistan: Militancy and Conflict in Mohmand (Neopr.) . New America Foundation (April 2010).
  143. ↑ Sherazi, Zahir Shah . TTP supports US-Afghan Taliban talks in Qatar (June 25, 2013). Date of treatment December 29, 2013.
  144. ↑ Militant clash in Khyber tribal region kills 32 (January 25, 2013). Date of treatment August 26, 2013.
  145. ↑ Five militants killed in Bara explosion (September 22, 2013). Date of appeal April 16, 2014.
  146. ↑ Pakistani Taliban release Faisal Shahzad's martyrdom tape [video ] (neopr.) . CSMonitor.com. Date of treatment December 11, 2012.
  147. ↑ cid attack karachi wasiyat (neopr.) . YouTube (November 12, 2011). Date of treatment November 8, 2012.
  148. ↑ Taliban vows to unleash jihad in Kashmir, implement Sharia , Rediff (January 8, 2013). Date of treatment January 10, 2013.
  149. ↑ Pakistani Taliban recruits via Facebook , The Express Tribune (December 7, 2012). Date of treatment January 10, 2012.
  150. ↑ 1 2 Facebook shuts down Taliban account: Report , The Express Tribune (December 11, 2012). Date of treatment January 10, 2013.

Links

  • Gusterin P.V. How the Taliban degenerates // Military Review. - September 11, 2014.
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tehrik-e_Taliban_Pakistan&oldid=102238511


More articles:

  • Kovtun, Vladimir Pavlovich
  • Marcellin (Illinois)
  • Tikhomolov, Boris Ermilovich
  • Zhytomyr, Yakov Abramovich
  • BMD-20
  • Vincent and Theo
  • Tsagan-Nur (village)
  • Paperny, Vladimir Zinovievich
  • Montel (Ariege)
  • Saki, Gokhan

All articles

Clever Geek | 2019