Tsytovich, Nikolai Alexandrovich

Born May 13 ( May 26 ), 1900 in the village of Mkhinichi (now in the Krasnopolsky District (Mogilev Region), Belarus ) in a family of rural teachers .

In 1918, he graduated from the full course of the Mstislavsk male gymnasium and until 1920 worked as a physics teacher in a rural school .

In 1921, N. A. Tsytovich entered the LIIKS , where he graduated with honors in 1927 , having received the specialty of a civil engineer. As the best graduate, he was enrolled as a graduate student of the Department of Resistance of Materials LIIKS .

The post - graduate period of Nikolai Alexandrovich’s life was very intense and fruitful. In these years, he first encountered problems of permafrost and, in particular, the lack of scientifically based principles and methods for the design and construction of various engineering facilities in the field of permafrost. He gets acquainted with the founder of permafrost, M. I. Sumgin, and with his support organizes a permafrost laboratory at LIIKS to study the physicomechanical properties of frozen soils and ice. In this laboratory, N. A. Tsytovich first tested frozen soil samples under short-term loads and experimentally proved that the resistance of frozen soils to external load depends on their composition, humidity and temperature .

In 1928, he published his first monographic work, which outlined his proposed methodology for calculating the foundations of structures on frozen ground and how to fix them in permafrost soils. This work and a number of articles devoted to the assessment of frozen soils as the foundations of various structures and the choice of types of foundations for construction on permafrost soils nominate a young graduate student as one of the leading specialists in the field of permafrost engineering.

In 1930, he was invited as a consultant to the Commission for the Study of Permafrost of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , and he participated in the design of several large industrial facilities located in the field of permafrost permafrost.

In 1931, Nikolai Alexandrovich, together with M. I. Sumgin , wrote and published as a separate publication the first instruction on the study of permafrost for construction purposes. In 1932, N. A. Tsytovich completes the post-graduate stage of his creative life by defending a dissertation for the degree of “ Candidate of Technical Sciences ”.

In 1934, Nikolai Alexandrovich systematizes and summarizes research materials on soil mechanics and publishes the training manual "Fundamentals of soil mechanics." In 1937, N. A. Tsytovich, together with M. I. Sumgin , wrote and published a large generalizing work, “Foundations of the Mechanics of Frozen Soils,” in which the results of studies of the physical and physico-mechanical properties of frozen soils and their interaction with structures were summarized. the basics of calculating and constructing foundations on frozen soils, as well as the features of the processes of freezing rocks and related phenomena. The publication of this book, which was immediately translated into several foreign languages, largely determined the further successful development of permafrost engineering in our country and abroad.

In 1940 he published the fundamental work “Soil Mechanics” and successfully defended a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences at the specialized Council of LIIZhT . In the same year, at the All-Union Open Competition, he was elected professor at the Department of Soil Science and Soil Mechanics, Leningrad State University named after A. A. Zhdanov .

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Geological and Geographical Sciences (1943) - for his services in the development of permafrost engineering and soil mechanics. In 1947, N. A. Tsytovich was invited to work in Moscow at IMERAN as deputy director. At the same time, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences instructed him to organize the base of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the city of Yakutsk .

In 1947 - 1953, Chairman of the Presidium of the Yakut branch of the CCCP Academy of Sciences

In 1952 , N. A. Tsytovich went to work at the Moscow Institute of Contemporary Art named after V.V. Kuybyshev . Head of the department of soil mechanics, foundations and foundations, where he worked until 1984.

Entered the original composition of the USSR National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (1956)

From 1957 to 1978, he was president of the National Association of the USSR of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, and from 1978 to 1984 its honorary chairman.

In total, N. A. Tsytovich published over 360 scientific works over the course of a long and creatively full life, including 25 monographs , most of which have been translated into foreign languages. Under his scientific supervision more than 60 candidate and 20 doctoral dissertations have been prepared. ^[four]

He died on April 26 ^[1] , ^[5] (according to other sources , August 26 ^[3] ) 1984 . He was buried in Moscow at the Vvedensky cemetery .

• Hero of Socialist Labor (1980) - for achievements in the field of soil mechanics
• Stalin Prize of the second degree (1950) - for the development of the fundamentals of frozen soil mechanics;
• Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR ;
• Order of the Badge of Honor ;
• Three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor ;
• Order of the October Revolution ;
• Three Orders of Lenin ;

• "Fundamentals of soil mechanics" (1934);
• “Foundations of the mechanics of frozen soils” (1937);
• "Principles of mechanics of frozen soils" (1952);
• “Foundations and foundations on frozen soils” (1958):
• "Mechanics of soils" (1963);
• “Theory and practice of foundation engineering” (1964);
• “Soil mechanics. Short Course ”(1968, 1973, 1979, 1983);
• “Foundations and foundations” (1970);
• "Mechanics of frozen soils" (1973);
• "Fundamentals of Applied Geomechanics in Construction" (1981).

• Mountain Encyclopedia
• Yakut branch of the SB RAS
• Memoirs of N. A. Tsytovich
• VV Shepelev On the centenary of Tsytovich — founder of the Yakutsk scientific base of the USSR Academy of Sciences
• Tsytovich N.A.