St. Petersburg International Commercial Bank is a joint-stock commercial bank , one of the largest in pre-revolutionary Russia (in 1913, the bank was third in terms of fixed capital, and second in terms of balance in the empire. The bank was founded in 1869 in St. Petersburg Over time, offices were opened in other cities ( Moscow , Kiev , Warsaw , Baku , Chisinau , Odessa , etc.). The bank was connected with the largest banking houses in Paris , Berlin and New York ; investments in heavy industrial st, railway business and in foreign enterprises.
The charter of the bank was approved by Alexander II on May 28 (June 9) June 1869 [1] . The main capital of the bank was initially determined at 5 million rubles and distributed to 20 thousand shares of 250 rubles each (§ 3).
In § 1 of the charter, the following founders of the bank were indicated (the order and spelling are preserved).
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German banks (especially Diskonte Geselschaft) had the strongest influence on the bank’s activities. The bank worked closely with the house of Siemens, as well as with the Berlin Bill Bank and with Deutsche Bank . The leading places in the bank of that time were occupied by immigrants from Germany and Austria; all banking correspondence was also carried out in German. In 1889, Adolph Yulevich Rotshtein , a Prussian citizen, who had the support of Sergei Witte, replaced the first director of the bank, Vladislav Lasky (Larsky). During this period, the flowering of financial activities of the bank. Thanks to Rothstein's foreign relations, the bank began to pursue a broad investment policy in Russia and abroad, attracting foreign capital. Links were established with French banks, the Paris-Netherlands [3] and the Rothschild banking house.
In 1896, the bank became the largest shareholder of the established Russian-Chinese Bank (7,355 shares worth 919,375 rubles - 15.32% of the share capital) [4] .
In 1898, in conjunction with the Rothschild banking house, the International Bank established the Mazut trading company to produce oil in Baku ; the bank also established two Russian electrical industrial enterprises - the Siemens-Halske company (together with Deutsche Bank ) and the Union company (together with Dresdner Bank ). The bank cooperated with the Ministry of Finance in the placement of Russian loans abroad. [5] After Rothstein’s death in 1904, Alexander Vyshnegradsky became director of the bank.
Of particular financial interest for the bank were Russian railway companies (the Main Society of Russian Railways, Vladikavkaz, South-Western Railways, etc.). The bank issued their securities, acquired large stakes in their shares. In addition to railways, the bank worked in the field of transport engineering and shipbuilding. In 1912, in a tough competition, he achieved control over the “Anonymous society of shipbuilding, mechanical and foundries in the city of Nikolaev” [6] , as a result of which the company was transformed from French to Russian with a fixed capital of 7 million rubles. The Bank also actively invested in the enterprises of the coal, gold mining, metallurgical, machine-building, sugar, textile and tobacco industries (including Copicusa ). Before the war, the bank participated in the financing of enterprises of the military-industrial group.
By 1914, in terms of the volume of operations, St. Petersburg International Commercial Bank ranked 2nd among the joint-stock banks of Russia (in 1917, 3rd); in the sphere of influence of the bank were over 50 railways, industrial and insurance companies. Representatives of the bank in 1917 occupied 94 seats on the boards of various joint-stock companies. The Bank extended its influence on joint-stock companies with a capital of more than 600 million rubles, including: Kolomna, Sormovo, Russud, Nikopol-Mariupol Society, etc. [5] . By 1917, the bank had 50 branches in Russia and 3 - abroad, according to the size of the share capital (60 million rubles) [7] shared 1st place in Russia with the Azov-Don and Russian for foreign trade with banks. The bank cooperated with a group of Russian banks, which included Russian Foreign Trade Bank, St. Petersburg Accounting and Loan , Volzhsko-Kamsky , Moscow Merchant Banks.
Petrograd International Commercial Bank, together with other private banks, was liquidated (nationalized) by joining the State Bank of the Russian Republic by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated December 14 (27), 1917 . By a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of January 23 (February 5) of 1918, the share capital of the bank, along with the share capital of other private banks, was confiscated in favor of the State Bank of the Russian Republic [8] .
The main building of the bank in St. Petersburg was initially located on Anglinskaya Embankment , 6; in 1898, the bank moved to a new building on Nevsky Prospect , 58. In 1912, an additional building was built that overlooks Ekaterininskaya Street .
Notes
- ↑ The highest approved charter of the St. Petersburg International Commercial Bank // Full Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire , Second Collection. - SPb. : Printing house of the II department of His Own Imperial Majesty's office , 1873. - T. XLIV, First Division, 1869, No. 47141 . - p . 524-533 .
- ↑ Rosenthal, Leon (Yehuda Leib) Moiseevich // Brockhaus and Efron Jewish Encyclopedia . - SPb. 1908-1913.
- ↑ In French Wikipedia - Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas .
- ↑ Russian State Historical Archive . Fond 632, opis1, matter 2, sheets.1–2 vol.
- ↑ 1 2 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK Soviet historical encyclopedia. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ed. E.M. Zhukova. 1973-1982.]
- ↑ Baryshnikov M.N. The Business World of Russia: A Historical and Biographical Directory. / Reviewer - action. tsp RAS B.V. Ananyich . - SPb. : Art-SPB, Logos, 1998. - 448 p. - ISBN 5-210-01503-3 .
- ↑ The whole of Petrograd for 1917, address and reference book of Petrograd. - Petrograd: Partnership of A.S. Suvorin - “New time”, 1917. - p. 12 advertising block. - ISBN 5-94030-052-9 .
- Decree on confiscation of share capital of former private banks // Decrees of Soviet power: Coll. doc / Institute of Marxism-Leninism at the Central Committee of the CPSU; Institute of History, USSR Academy of Sciences: [multivolume ed.]. - M .: Politizdat, 1957-1997. - T. 1: October 25, 1917 - March 16, 1918 / prep. S.N. Valk et al . - p . 390–391 . - ISBN 5-250-00390-7 . (ISBN t. 1 is absent. Attached to: Decrees of Soviet power: [multi-volume]. M., 1957-1997.)