Artesian is a village of rural type in the Chernozemsky district of the Republic of Kalmykia of Russia . The administrative center of the Artesian rural municipality . Located 75 km southeast of the district center of the village of Komsomolsky.
| village | |
| Artesian | |
|---|---|
| A country |  Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Kalmykia |
| Municipal District | Black earth |
| Rural settlement | Artesian Rural Municipality |
| History and Geography | |
| Based | in 1940 |
| Center height | -21 [1] m |
| Timezone | UTC + 3 |
| Population | |
| Population | ↗ 2105 [2] people ( 2014 ) |
| Nationalities | Kalmyks , Russians , Dargins , Avars , etc. |
| Official language | Kalmyk , Russian |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +7 84743 |
| Postcode | 359231 |
| OKATO Code | 85242810001 |
| OKTMO Code | |
| Other | |
Railroad station.
Population: 2105 [2] (2014) .
Founded in 1940 .
Content
History
The village of Artesian owes its birth to the railway. The village was founded in 1940 in connection with the design of the future Kizlyar - Trusovo road. Artesian wells were drilled on the territory of the village, which gave the name to the village of Artesian . The first residents of the village were 10 Kalmyk families. These were the collective farmers from the collective farms named after Kirov and the Leninist Way. The first residential dugouts appeared in two streets. They were built by Kalmyks and Russians , immigrants from the villages of the Stavropol Territory . The population of the village began to increase. By mid- 1942, the construction of the railway reached the modern Artesian station. From 1942 to 1943, during the Great Patriotic War , the construction of the front-line railway Astrakhan - Kizlyar was carried out, which had a strategic character. The construction was of a national character - women, old people, and children built it. In December 1943, Kalmyk families were forcibly deported to Siberia along the road they built [3] .
In 1947 - 1953, a small school, a grocery store, a railway station, a linear dispensary, a replacement point, a railway club and two-story houses for railway workers were formed. Since 1956, Kalmyks have returned from deportation. In the same year, the Artesian Machine-Livestock Station was formed. Built MTM, locksmith, grinding, blacksmith shops, warehouses. A high school and a district hospital opened [3] .
Physico-geographical characteristics
The village is located in the south-east of the Chernozemsky district , within the borders of the Black lands , which are part of the Caspian lowland . The village is located below sea level. The average height is 21 m below sea level [4] . The terrain is flat. 9 km south of the village flows the Kuma River, along which the border with the Republic of Dagestan passes.
By road, the distance to the capital of Kalmykia, the city of Elista is 270 km, to the district center of the village of Komsomolsky - 75 km [5] . The nearest town - the village of Burovoy is located on the other side of the railway.
- Climate
The climate of Artesian is sharply continental , according to the classification of Köppen - Geiger climates, it is semi - arid (BSk index). Summer is hot, dry, winters are not snowy, short. The warmest month is July (average monthly air temperature + 25.0 ° C). The coldest month is January with an average monthly temperature of −3.6 ° C. The average annual air temperature is positive and equal to + 10.8 ° C.
| Climate Artesian | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average maximum, ° C | −0.2 | 0.7 | 6.4 | 16.6 | 23.7 | 28.3 | 30.7 | 30,0 | 23.9 | 15.9 | 8.0 | 2.5 | 15,5 |
| Average temperature, ° C | −3.6 | −3 | 2,3 | 11.0 | 17.9 | 22.5 | 25.0 | 24.0 | 18.2 | 11.0 | 4,5 | −0.4 | 10.8 |
| Average minimum ° C | −7 | −6.6 | −1.8 | 5.5 | 12.1 | 16.8 | 19,4 | 18.1 | 12.6 | 6.1 | 1,0 | −3.3 | 6.1 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 15 | 14 | sixteen | 21 | 31 | 35 | 26 | 23 | 26 | 21 | 21 | sixteen | 267 |
| Source: [1] | |||||||||||||
Population
| Population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 [6] | 2010 [7] | 2013 [2] | 2014 [2] |
| 2267 | ↘ 2230 | ↘ 2060 | ↗ 2105 |
- National composition
According to the 2002 census, the majority of the population of the village were Russians (37%) and Kalmyks (34%) [8]
Social Infrastructure
In Artesian there are several shops, consumer services enterprises, a post office, a cultural center, and a village library. The residents of the village receive secondary education in the Artesian Secondary School No. 2 located in the village, and pre-school in the kindergarten "Birch". Medical services for residents are provided by the Artesian district hospital (currently a nursing appointment is in progress, doctors are absent, patients are sent by appointment to the doctors in the district hospital of the Komsomolsky settlement), the linear nodal ambulance station of the Artesian station (disbanded more than 5 years ago, the building was dismantled for secondary building materials), also has a private dental office [9] .
The village is electrified, gasified, there is a centralized water supply system. However, the water supplied is technical. The population’s need for drinking water is satisfied by individual delivery of water supplied to the Kizlyar station to each household. There is no sewage system [9] .
Economics
The Artezian railway station serves freight and passenger trains (20 or more per day), ensures traffic safety [10] . Also in the village are OJSC “State Farm“ Artesian ””, a number of peasant farms .
Attractions
| External Images | |
|---|---|
| In Artesian erected the sacred stupa of Victory | |
- Victory Stupa is a five-meter-high cult Buddhist structure with a prayer drum inside. Its purpose is to pacify the obstructing forces, to create peace and harmony. This type of suburgan is called "Victorious", which is associated with the deity of longevity Namgyalma (Tib. Victorious) [11] . Opened in the summer of 2011 .
Famous residents and natives
* Shugraeva, Vera Kirguyevna - folk poet of Kalmykia, playwright
Notes
- ↑ Climat: Artesian - Diagramme climatique, Courbe de température, Table climatique - Climate-Data.org
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Information on the population and households in the settlements of the Artesian SMO as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment April 1, 2015. Archived April 1, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Passport of the Artesian QS (inaccessible link) . Archived July 3, 2013.
- ↑ CLIMAT: Artesian
- ↑ Distances between settlements are given by Yandex.Maps service
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Census
- ↑ All-Russian censuses of 2002 and 2010
- ↑ Koryakov Yu. B. Database “Ethno-Linguistic Composition of Settlements of Russia” .
- ↑ 1 2 Administration of the Artesian Rural Municipal Formation of the Republic of Kalmykia & 124; General plan
- ↑ Vera Manzhusova. Artesian - the territory of consent and good deeds (Russian) // Parliamentary Bulletin of Kalmykia: Newspaper / Ed. M.I. Lantsynova. - Elista: Autonomous non-profit organization “Editorial office of the newspaper“ Parliamentary Gazette of Kalmykia ””, 2011. - No. 77–78 (475–476) . - S. 10 . (inaccessible link)
- ↑ In Kalmykia, nine suburgans are being built . savetibet.ru (January 3, 2010). Date of treatment July 1, 2013. Archived July 3, 2013.