Crater Archimedes ( lat. Archimedes ) - a large ancient impact crater on the eastern border of the Sea of Rains and the largest in this sea. The formation of the crater dates back to the Late Umbrian era [1] . It is named after Archimedes - an ancient Greek mathematician , physicist , mechanic and engineer . The name is approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1935.
| Archimedes | |
|---|---|
| lat Archimedes | |
 Shot of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter probe. | |
| Characteristics | |
| Diameter | 81 km |
| Deepest | 1600 m |
| Title | |
| Eponym | Archimedes (circa 287-212 BC) |
| Location | |
| Heavenly body | Moon |
Content
- 1 Crater Description
- 2 Crater section
- 3 Short-term lunar phenomena
- 4 Satellite craters
- 5 Spacecraft landing sites
- 6 Links in fiction
- 7 Gallery
- 8 See also
- 9 notes
- 10 Links
Crater Description
To the south of the crater are the Archimedes Mountains and a system of furrows named after the crater and stretching for more than 150 km, to the northeast is Aristillus crater , to the east is Avtolyk crater . The Swamp of Decay adjoins the southeastern part of the crater rampart; to the north of the crater lie the Svalbard mountains - a chain of peaks in the Sea of Rains [2] . The diameter of the crater is 81.04 km, the depth of the crater bowl is 1.6 km [3] , selenographic coordinates of the center of the crater are [4] . The shaft height above the surrounding area is 1370 m, the volume of the crater is approximately 6300 km³ [5] .
The crater shaft is wide, with a gently sloping outer part and a steep, terraced inner part. The outer part of the crater has a thirty-kilometer extension of a triangular shape in the southeastern part. The bottom of the crater is flat, even, filled with basaltic lava, as a result of which there is no central peak. In the photograph above, it is easy to notice the uneven color of the bottom of the crater, due to the presence of strips of material ejected, most likely, during the impact that formed the Avtolyk crater . The bottom of the crater and its shaft is dotted with numerous small craters bowls. The ray system characteristic of younger craters is absent. The inner part of the crater has a brightness of 3 ½ ° according to the Schröter brightness table , the surface around the crater has a brightness of 5 °.
Obviously, the Archimedes crater was formed later than the giant impact , which gave rise to the Sea of Rains about 3.8 billion years ago - the Imbrian impact. At the same time, the filling of the crater with lava indicates that its formation occurred before the lava basin of the Sea of Rains was filled, which occurred about 3.1 billion years ago. Thus, the age of the crater can be taken in the range of 3.1 - 3.8 billion years, that is, the crater formed in the Late Grecian period . This dating illustrates the application of the principle of superposition in geology.
Crater Section
The graph below shows a cross-section of the crater in various directions [6] , the scale along the ordinate axis is indicated in feet , the scale in meters is indicated in the upper right part of the illustration.
Short Moon Phenomena
Short-term lunar phenomena (CL) in the form of flickering dots at the bottom were observed in the Archimedes crater.
Satellite Craters
| Archimedes | Coordinates | Diameter, km |
|---|---|---|
| C | 7.7 | |
| D | 5,0 | |
| E | 2.6 | |
| G | 3.3 | |
| H | 3.8 | |
| L | 3.2 | |
| M | 3.3 | |
| N | 3,5 | |
| P | 2.6 | |
| Q | 2,4 | |
| R | 3,5 | |
| S | 2,8 | |
| T | 2,3 | |
| U | 2.7 | |
| V | 2.7 | |
| W | 3.2 | |
| X | 2.2 | |
| Y | 2.2 | |
| Z | 2.1 |
The following satellite craters are renamed by the International Astronomical Union :
- Archimedes A - Crater Bancroft (1976)
- Archimedes F - Macmillan Crater (1976)
- Archimedes K - Sperr Crater (1973)
Spacecraft landing locations
About 50 km east of Archimedes Crater, at the point with selenographic coordinates of 29.1 ° N 0 ° E, Luna-2 made a hard landing, the world's first automatic interplanetary station reaching the surface of the moon.
Links in fiction
- In the story of Stanislav Lem “Test”, from the cycle about the pilot Pirks , on the outer slope of the Archimedes crater is the landing site “Luna Main”
- In the story of Arkady Strugatsky 's Expedition to the Underworld, in the center of the Archimedes crater, under the transparent cap from the spectrolyte, the earthlings set the captured pirate ship Black Piraiya.
- In the Moscow Space Zoo ( CosmoZo ) in the works of Cyrus Bulychev , from the cycle about Alice Selezneva , the Living Nebula is located in the Archimedes crater.
- In the Soviet cartoon " Flight to the Moon " in the crater, Archimedes suffers a disaster spacecraft "R-1".
Gallery
A shot of the Archimedes crater aboard Apollo 15 .
Image from the Meyer Encyclopedic Dictionary .
See also
- List of Craters on the Moon
- Lunar crater
- Morphological catalog of Moon Craters
- Planetary nomenclature
- Selenography
- Mineralogy of the Moon
- Geology of the moon
- Late heavy bombardment
Notes
- ↑ Crater description on The Moon-Wiki
- ↑ Archimedes Crater on the LAC-41 map.
- ↑ Digitized Lunar Crater Depths - Westfall (2000)
- ↑ Nomenclature of planetary names of the International Astronomical Union
- ↑ Lunar Impact Crater Database . Losiak A., Kohout T., O'Sulllivan K., Thaisen K., Weider S. (Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar Exploration Intern Program, 2009); updated by Öhman T. in 2011. Archived page .
- ↑ Catalog of lunar craters cross sections I Craters with peaks by Gerald S. Hawkins, William H. Zack and Stephen M. Saslow
Links
- Pictures of the crater Archimedes in the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter site.
- Digital photographic atlas of the moon.
- Pictures of Apollo 15, Apollo 17.
- Pictures on the Lunar Picture of the Day website.
- Archimedes Crater on the map LAC-41.
- Selenological map of the vicinity of the crater.
- Archimedes - Mare Flooded Crater!
- Archimedes and his Mountains.
- Three Cheers for Three As.
- No Fooling.
- Elevated Drapery (Kaguya image).
- 1.5 Billion Years of History.
- Andersson, LE, and EA Whitaker, NASA Catalog of Lunar Nomenclature, NASA Reference Publication 1097, October 1982.