Dolgorukov, Yakov Fedorovich

Came from the princely family Dolgorukovs . The eldest son is okolnichalo Prince Fedor Fedorovich Dolgorukov. He received a very good education for his time, under the guidance of a mentor from the Poles , and was fluent in Latin .

In 1682 , during the Streltsy revolt , he openly sided with Tsarevich Pyotr Alekseevich , who made him his roommaker. Tsarevna Sofya , fearing his influence on her brother, sent Dolgorukov, in 1687 , ambassador to France and Spain , to ask these states for help in the impending war with the Ottoman Empire . The embassy was not successful.

In 1689 , at the height of the feud between Peter and Sophia, Dolgorukov was one of the first to come to Peter in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, for which, after the overthrow of Sophia, he was appointed judge of the Moscow order .

In 1695 and 1696, he was in both Azov campaigns and was elevated to the rank of close boyar. Going abroad in 1697 , Peter I entrusted Dolgorukov with guarding the southern border and monitoring Little Russia .

By the decree of Peter I of February 18 ( 28 ), 1700 , Inozemsky and Reitarsky orders were combined into a “special order ” of the boyar Yakov Fedorovich Dolgorukov, while it was instructed to “write his boyar in all letters that are about regimental affairs, the commissar general ” ^[1] . In 1701, this order was renamed the order of Military Affairs .

In 1700, in the battle of Narva , Dolgorukov was captured and languished in captivity for more than ten years, most of the time in Stockholm , where he was responsible for receiving and distributing money among Russian prisoners. Borrowing money in his own name, helped those in need. In 1711, in anticipation of a possible exchange for Field Marshal Renschild, he was sent to Jacobstadt . The exchange was delayed, and Dolgorukov was sent to Umea on the schooner , where 44 Russian prisoners accounted for only 20 Swedes. Dolgorukov, along with his comrades, disarmed the Swedes and within two weeks of sailing reached Revel , who was then already in the power of the Russian troops. ^{[2] [3]}

In the decree of Peter I of October 15 ( 26 ), 1707 , Dolgorukov was already called the Krieg Commissioner General ^[4] , and in the decree of August 18 ( 29 ), 1711 , he was called the Captive General Kriegs Commissioner ^[5] . Dolgorukov held the last post until 1716, but no one occupied this post.

Peter I appointed Dolgorukov senator . During his captivity in Sweden, Dolgorukov had the opportunity to get acquainted closely with the Swedish order and state system, and therefore became a very useful adviser to Peter, especially when organizing collegial management.

In 1717, Peter I ordered Dolgorukov to chair the Audit College . Here Dolgorukov was a strict and incorruptible controller of revenue and expenditures of the treasury, invariably guided by the rule expressed in the solution of one case in the Senate: “The king is really the best servant. Serve - do not burr; burr - do not serve like that. ”

In 1720, Dolgorukov discovered a waterborne disease, which was discovered by a breast tumor. Despite all the efforts of the doctors and the emperor himself, he died.

Dolgorukov was twice married. His first wife was Ulyana Ivanovna Naumova . Their daughter Anna (1682-1746), was married to Alexei Petrovich Sheremetev (d. 1723). Secondly married in 1712 to Princess Arina (Irina) Mikhailovna Cherkasskaya , the eldest daughter of Prince M. Ya. Cherkassky and sister of Chancellor Prince Alexei Cherkassky . Their daughter Catherine, the godson of Empress Catherine I, died in childhood.

The name Dolgorukov passed into posterity and became popular thanks to oral traditions, testifying to his straightforwardness and integrity.

P.K.Shchebalsky tells how “once there was a shortage of flour in St. Petersburg, and the city was threatened by hunger, a decree was held in the Senate on this occasion - to collect rye by four from the peasants of the localities closest to St. Petersburg, and this decree was approved by the tsar. Dolgoruky was not present in the Senate that day, and when he was asked to sign the protocol, he sealed it and thereby suspended its execution. Senators gathered, the tsar arrived and found out that Yakov Fedorovich had sealed the decree approved by the senate and the tsar. They send for him ... they find him in the church, demand him in the Senate ... Three times the king sent for him, but he appeared in the Senate only after the end of the liturgy . The tsar, they say, rushed at him with his hand raised, but Dolgoruky calmly ... said: "Here is my chest." Then he explained that, without burdening the already ruined peasants, one could borrow from the rich granaries of Menshikov and other nobles before the arrival of transports with bread, not excluding himself. After hearing this, the king hugged him and performed it at his advice. "

Dolgoruky often argued with Peter and once during such a dispute the tsar grabbed the dagger , but Dolgoruky stopped his hand and said: “Hold on, sovereign! Your honor is dearer to me than my life. If you need my head, then do not act with your hands, but they led the executioner to cut off my head in the square; then they will even think that I was executed for some important crime; God alone will judge me with you. ”

According to legend, during the last illness of Dolgorukov, the king personally prescribed prescriptions for him.

According to one version, he was buried in a cemetery at St. Andrew's Church , which is refuted by the serf magazine.

Prince P.V. Dolgorukov thought that Yakov Fedorovich was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery .

The civic prowess of Y. F. Dolgoruky was widely popularized in the Acts of Peter the Great by I. I. Golikov, in the Nobleman of Derzhavin, in the ode Civic Courage by Ryleyev, in his Message to N. S. Mordvinov and Stans. Pushkin.

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  M. Kozlovsky . Prince Dolgoruky, tearing the royal decree (1797).

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  Medal with the image of Y. F. Dolgorukov (XIX century)

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  Ya. F. Dolgorukov at the Monument "1000th Anniversary of Russia"

• Dolgorukovs, princes // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
• Dolgorukov, Yakov Fedorovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Biography on the Chronos website
• Dolgorukovs and Dolgoruky // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Dolgorukov V. - Dolgoruky, Dolgorukov and Dolgoruky-Argutinsky (St. Petersburg . 1869) PDF . (unavailable link from 11/15/2016 [996 days])