Granada Confederation

In 1853, in the Republic of New Granada , the Constitution was adopted, opening the door to the transformation of a centralized state into a Federation. On February 27, 1855, the first federal state, the sovereign state of Panama, appeared inside the Republic of New Granada. On June 11, 1856, Antioquia followed her example, and on May 13, 1857, Santander. To prevent the collapse of the New Granada, the Congress on June 15, 1857 adopted a law in accordance with which the states of Bolivar, Boyaca, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Magdalena were created. In 1858, the conservatives, having received the majority, proclaimed the creation of the Granada Confederation with its capital in Tunja .

However, the standoff between conservatives and liberals continued. On April 8, 1859, Congress passed a law under which the president was given the right to remove the state governors and appoint them of their choice. The law of May 10, 1859 gave the president the right to create in the states the administrative departments controlling the expenditure of state resources. Liberals declared these laws unconstitutional, and a civil war broke out in 1860, which ended in 1862 when a prominent liberal, ex-president of New Granada, General Thomas Cipriano de Mosquera arrested the president of the confederation, declared himself president, transferred the capital to Bogota and appointed an interim government . In 1863, the United States of Colombia was formed .