Ankle joint ( lat. Articulátio talocrurális ) - an articulation of the bones of the lower leg with the foot [2] - a mobile connection of the tibia , fibula and talus of a person. Complex in structure, blocky in shape, formed by the articular surfaces of the distal (located farther from the body) epiphyses of both tibia bones, covering the talus block with a “fork”. The tibia is adjacent to the upper articular surface of the talus, and the articular surfaces of the outer and inner ankles are attached to the sides [3] [4] .
| Ankle joint | |
|---|---|
| lat articulátio talocrurális | |
 Right ankle joint, side view. | |
 Frontal cut of the ankle and foot joints. | |
| Blood supply | ankle branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries and lower leg arteries forming a network. |
| Venous outflow | into the deep veins of the lower leg. |
| Innervation | articular capsule branches of the tibial and deep nerve of the leg. |
| Lymph | through the deep lymphatic vessels into the lymph nodes of the popliteal fossa. |
| Catalogs | |
In the joint, movements [2] [3] around one axis are possible:
- frontal axis - flexion and extension of the foot;
Anatomy
The right ankle joint of a person, the inner and outer side. | ||
The tibia and tibia cover a block of talus like a fork. The joint capsule behind and on the sides is attached to the edges of the articulating surfaces, and in front of them, steps back half a centimeter from them. Ligaments are located on the lateral surfaces of the joint [4] :
- on the outer side of the joint are the anterior and posterior tibial-fibular and heel-fibular ligaments - they all diverge fan-shaped, starting on the lateral ankle : the anterior talon-fibular ligament ( Latin ligaméntum talofibuláre antérius ) is attached to the neck of the posterior talus ( lat. ligaméntum talofibuláre postérius ) - to the posterior process of the talus, and the calcaneofibular ligament ( lat. ligaméntum calcaneofibuláre ) goes down, ending on the outer surface of the calcaneus ;
- on the inner side of the ankle joint there is a deltoid (medial) ligament ( lat. ligaméntum deltoídeum seu mediále ), which begins on the inner (medial) ankle and is divided into four parts:
- the tibial scaphoid ( Latin pars tíbionaviculáre ) is attached to the scaphoid of the foot,
- the tibial-heel ( Latin pars tíbiocalcánea ) is attached to the calcaneus and
- anterior and posterior tibial-talar parts ( Latin pártes tíbiotaláres antérior et postérior ), attached to the talus.
Research Methods
In the course of an objective examination, physical research methods are used: examination, palpation , a thorough history taking is of no small importance. Of instrumental methods, X-ray examination of the ankle joint in the direct, lateral, as well as oblique projection was widely used. Currently, arthroscopy is also used for diagnosis.
Pathology
Inflammatory processes
Arthritis
Arthritis of the ankle joint is an acute or chronic inflammatory process characterized by pain and impaired mobility (a feeling of stiffness). The joint area becomes edematous , reddened and hot to the touch.
Osteoarthrosis
Osteoarthritis of the ankle joint is a degenerative joint disease that developed as a result of damage to the cartilage tissue of the articular surfaces [5] . It occurs along with the pathology of other large joints ( hip and knee ) and is a serious problem associated with restrictions on work.
Injury
Damage ( bruise , dislocation , fracture , sprain ), most often occur as a result of direct exposure to force with bruises and falling from a height.
With an ankle sprain , swelling quickly develops due to hemorrhage from the inside or outside of the joint, sharp pains appear when the foot is tucked inward. On palpation under the ankles, sharp pain is felt. If V fracture of the metatarsal bone occurs simultaneously with sprain, then sharp pain is determined upon palpation of its base.
Dislocations and subluxations in the ankle joint are combined with ankle fractures. Dislocation can occur at the junction of the talus and calcaneus . In this case, there is a significant thickening and deformation of the ankle joint and calcaneal region. The heel is tucked inward.
Fracture
Wounds
In peacetime, injuries of the ankle joint ( stabbed , lacerated , bruised- lacerated , chopped , chopped up to traumatic amputation, crushing , bitten but more often gunshot ) are rare.
Images
Right ankle joint, outside.
Right ankle joint.
Scheme of the right ankle joint.
The skeleton of the lower leg and foot.
See also
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Talus
- Joint
- Shin
- Foot
- Ankle
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Foundational Model of Anatomy
- ↑ 1 2 Ankle joint - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ 1 2 Human Anatomy / Weight M.G., Lysenkov N.K. - 9th ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Medicine, 1985 .-- S. 156-157. - 672 p. - (Textbooks for students of medical institutes). - 110,000 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 Human anatomy in two volumes / Ed. Acad. RAMS prof. M.R. Sapina. - 5th ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Medicine, 2001. - T. I. - S. 260-262. - 640 s. - (For medical students, graduate students, doctors). - ISBN 5-225-04585-5 .
- ↑ Pokrovsky V.I. Small Medical Encyclopedia . - Soviet Encyclopedia, 1996. - T. 4. - 577 p. - ISBN 5-225-02819-5 . Archived on June 7, 2012. Archived June 7, 2012 on the Wayback Machine
Links
- Fausek V.A. Ankle-foot joint // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.