Dorokhov, Ivan Semenovich

Ivan Dorokhov was born on April 14, 1762 (according to other sources, September 23, 1762) in Tula ^[3] . From small noblemen. Father is a second major , a participant in the first Turkish war, who retired after being wounded ^[4] . After the death of his father, he remained an orphan ^[3] .

From 1783 to 1787 He was brought up in the St. Petersburg Artillery and Engineering Cadet Corps . He studied in the same class with the future Count A. A. Arakcheev and General S. V. Nepeytsyn .

Produced on October 15, 1787, under the assignments of the Smolensk Infantry Regiment , fought against the Turks from 1787 to 1791. ^[5] He distinguished himself at Fokshany , under Rymnik he was the orderly of A. V. Suvorov . For participation in this battle he was promoted to captain and transferred to the Fanagoria Grenadier Regiment . In the report on the victory at Rymnik, A. V. Suvorov emphasized “the lieutenant of the Smolensk regiment, Ivan Dorokhov, who, according to his knowledge, was especially needed at the chief quartermaster,” who was “zealous for service, agile and fearless” ^[4] .

Participated in the Battle of Machin . October 13, 1792 transferred to the Chernigov Infantry Regiment .

In 1794 he was in Warsaw , when on April 6 (18) an uprising broke out there . At the head of the company, the grenadier made his way to join the battalion of the Kiev grenadier regiment . Then he was sent with a company and one weapon against numerous rebels, repelled four attacks, and, having lost all the gunners killed, he fired from the gun himself. Despite two wounds, he held his position for 36 hours, and only learning about the retreat of the main forces, made his way through the crowd of Poles with the remaining soldiers, and left Warsaw. Having recovered from his wounds, he acted at the outposts of the corps which had left Warsaw and destroyed a detachment of Polish lancers on May 23 at Medveditsa. He participated in the battle of Maceevic on September 29. During the assault on Prague , accompanied by only four huntsmen, the first to break into an enemy battery. Made for this feat in second-majors, expressed a desire to serve in the cavalry and was transferred April 21, 1795 to the Voronezh Hussar Regiment . April 9, 1797 transferred to the Sumy hussar regiment . On September 12, 1797, he was promoted to colonel with the appointment of the Hussar Regiment in the Life Guards , but shortly afterwards he was dismissed and renamed to college advisers (1798).

After the accession to the throne of Alexander I on March 13, 1802 he entered the service again, on May 20, 1802 he was appointed commander of the Sumy hussar regiment, and on August 4, 1803 he was promoted to major general with the appointment of chief of the Izyum hussar regiment . At the head of this regiment participated in the campaign of 1806-1807. He distinguished himself at Charnov and Pultusk , for the last battle he received the Order of St. George 3rd class. He participated in the battles at Preisch-Eylau and Friedland . In one of the clashes with the enemy (February 25, 1807 at the village of Gough) he received a strong concussion in the leg. After the conclusion of the Tilsit peace, the Izyum hussars received the St. George trumpets, and their boss - the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd art.

At the very beginning of the war of 1812, he commanded the vanguard of the 4th Infantry Corps of the 1st Army, located in Orany, halfway from Grodno to Vilna . When retreating from the Neman, they forgot to give him the order to withdraw and he was cut off by the enemy from the main forces. Having decided, on his own initiative, to join the 2nd Army, for nine days (July 18–26) he maneuvered among the French columns, where he was fighting, where he was retreating, and he joined Prince P. I. Bagration , losing only 60 person. Since August, the head of the cavalry rearguard of the united armies, distinguished himself in the battle of Valutina Hill , where he was wounded in the arm, then covered the withdrawal of the armies to Borodin.

On the day of the battle of Borodino, he was in the 2nd cavalry corps of Baron F.K. von Korff , who stood in reserve behind the 4th Infantry Corps of A.I. Osterman . At about 9 a.m., when the French attack on the village of Semenovskoye began to threaten the Russian army with a loss of position, it was sent with four cavalry regiments to help Bagration and successfully carried out a counterattack on the Bagration flushes , knocking over the enemy’s columns. In the afternoon, he participated in the cavalry battles for the Raevsky battery, where in the evening they managed to stop the advance of the enemy. For courage, Kutuzov was introduced to the Order of St. Vladimir of the 2nd century, but the emperor ordered him to be awarded the production of lieutenant general (October 31, 1812).

“... personally commanded this brigade of light cavalry on this famous day, attacked and pursued the enemy cuirassiers ... and after that on that very day hit the enemy a lot”

- M.I. Kutuzov . From the characteristics of I. S. Dorokhov in a report with a list of generals who distinguished themselves at Borodin ^[6]

After leaving Moscow, he led the vanguard cavalry (2nd and 3rd reserve cavalry corps), on September 6–7, he defeated the 4th regiment of the French cavalry at the village of Znamensky.

Since September 9, Ivan Dorokhov commanded a partisan detachment (consisting of the Elisavetgrad hussar , dragoon and three Cossack regiments with two horse guns) and, successfully operating in the area of ​​the Mozhaisk road, caused much harm to the French, exterminating their individual teams and seizing the convoys. On September 15, he destroyed an entire enemy guard detachment of Colonel Mortier. The main success of the partisan detachment of Dorokhov was the capture on September 29 of the city of Vereya , the most important communications point of the enemy. Dorokhov ferried with his squad through Protva at night and at 4 o’clock in the morning he crept to the city. Located on a hill with a height of about 5 fathoms, Vereya was surrounded by a wall of trees and a palisade; its garrison consisted of a battalion of Westphalian troops. Dorokhov quietly, without firing a shot, led his detachment to the fortification and suddenly attacked him with bayonets; the Russians took off their sentries and burst into the city, taking by surprise the carelessly sleeping garrison. After a brief resistance, the enemy surrendered. The report of Dorokhov to Kutuzov was briefly: “By the order of Your Grace, the city of Vereya was taken by storm by this number . ” Kutuzov announced this "excellent and brave feat" in an order for the army. Later, Dorokhov was awarded a golden sword decorated with diamonds, with the inscription: "For the liberation of Vereya." The first to discover and notify Kutuzov of the French movement to Kaluga . Having then come under the command of D. S. Dokhturov , he participated in the battle of Maloyaroslavets , where he was wounded by a bullet right through his leg, and was therefore forced to leave the army ^[7] .

Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov died on April 25, 1815 in Tula and was buried, according to his dying will, in Vereye, freed by him from the French, in the Nativity Cathedral ^[4] .

• Cross “For the Capture of Prague” (1795)
• Order of St. George of the 3rd class (1807)
• Order of St. Vladimir 3rd art. (1807)
• Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia, 1807)
• Order of St. Anne 1st Art. (1812)
• Golden sword with diamonds “For the Liberation of Verea” (1812)
• Order of St. Vladimir , 2nd art. (1813)

He was married twice and had children:

1. wife Anastasia Alexandrovna Sharapova
   • Alexandra Ivanovna (d. 1875), married to Alexander Efremovich Mukhin (d. 1861), writer and retired staff captain, son of the famous doctor E.O. Mukhin (1766-1850).
2. wife Evdokia Yakovlevna Markova, nee Protasova (1781-1847), niece of the first wife N. M. Karamzin .
   • Rufin Ivanovich (1801-1852), a graduate of the Page Corps, a participant in the Caucasian wars, a friend of Pushkin and Lermontov, a well-known Breter, Dolokhov's prototype in War and Peace; married to Maria Alexandrovna Plescheeva (1811-1867), daughter of A. A. Plescheev .
   • Elizaveta Ivanovna (1803-1836), married to the captain, Prince Dmitry Petrovich Kropotkin (1800-1837).
   • Ekaterina Ivanovna , in the first marriage for captain Fyodor Gerasimovich Baturin (1793-1825), in the second marriage for Mikhail Fyodorovich Zagryazhsky , a well-known card player in Moscow, was a wealthy man, but in his old age, having lost his fortune, he left his family in need.

In honor of I. S. Dorokhov, the village of Dorokhovo in the Ruzsky district of the Moscow region , streets in Moscow and Podolsk are named. Saber I. S. Dorokhov depicted on the flag of the rural settlement Dorokhovskoe .

In the city of Vereya, where he was buried, a monument was erected by the centenary of World War II. The monument was inaugurated in the presence of members of the imperial family on September 29, 1913 (according to the old style). During the civil war , on August 16, 1918, the crypt of the “tsarist general” was opened, plundered, and then buried by the decision of a rally of the Red Army soldiers going to the front. The remains of I. S. Dorokhov were removed from the basement and thrown from a high slope over Protva. Locals gathered the scattered remains on the slope at night and secretly reburied them. The monument on the rampart at the same time, in 1918, was shelled and then demolished. Before World War II, the head of Karl Marx was installed on a pedestal, which was broken in 1941 by an explosive wave of an aerial bomb or shell. After the liberation of the city on an artificial rock, which turned out to be very solid, a small pyramid was installed with a star and the inscription "In memory of the Patriotic War of 1812, Lieutenant General I. S. Dorokhov who liberated Verey from the French on October 11, 1812." Once again, the monument to I. S. Dorokhov was erected at the request of local residents in 1957. In 1999, during the restoration of the cathedral, the remains of the illustrious general were discovered and solemnly reburied in the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ . ^[eight]

The son of I. S. Dorokhov, Rufin Dorokhov (1801-1852), served in the training carabiner, Nizhny Novgorod dragoon and other regiments. He was a friend of M. Yu. Lermontov. For participation in duels and violent behavior, Rufin Dorokhov was repeatedly demoted to soldiers. Some features of Rufin Dorokhov reproduced by L. N. Tolstoy in the image of Dolokhov, one of the central characters in the novel by L. N. Tolstoy, “ War and Peace ” (1863-1869).

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• Dorokhov Ivan Semenovich .