Austria ( him. Österreich ) - feudal education, which existed intermittently from the IX century. Originally, the Bavarian Oriental Mark was created, the main task of which was German colonization, Christianization and protection of borders from Slavic raids. Originally, margraves from the Babenberg dynasty were vassals of the dukes of Bavaria . Later, the name Austria was assigned to the brand (from the other-century-him. Ostarrîchi ), the name was first mentioned in 996. In 1141, Margrave Henry II Yazomirgott became the Duke of Bavaria, and after the Emperor Frederick I of Barbarossa transferred Bavaria to Heinrich Leo in 1156, he isolated Austria from Bavaria, elevating it to the duchy.
After the cessation of the Babenberg dynasty, Austria was annexed by the king of the Czech Republic Premysl Otakar II to his possessions, but in 1278 Austria was conquered by the King of Germany Rudolf I of Habsburg , becoming one of the hereditary possessions of the Habsburgs , later forming the so-called Habsburg monarchy .
In 1804, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Franz II, took the title of Emperor of Austria . In 1868, the Austrian Empire was transformed into Austria-Hungary , which existed until 1918.
In 1918, the First Austrian Republic was proclaimed in Austria, which existed before it was seized by Nazi Germany in 1938. After the end of World War II, the independence of Austria was restored, but until 1955 its territory was divided into four zones of occupation : American, British, Soviet and French. Only after the Allies signed the Declaration of Independence of Austria on May 15, 1955, its sovereignty was fully restored.
Austrian dukes| Portrait | Emblem | Name | Board start | End of the board | Dynasty |
|---|
| |  | Henry II Yazomirgott | 1156 | 1177 | Babenbergi |
| | | Leopold V Virtuous | 1177 | 1194 | Babenbergi |
| | | Frederick I | 1194 | 1198 | Babenbergi |
| | | Leopold VI Glorious | 1198 | 1230 | Babenbergi |
| | | Frederick II | 1230 | 1246 | Babenbergi |
| | | Hermann Badensky | 1248 | 1250 | Zeringen |
| | | Friedrich of Baden | 1250 | 1251 | Zeringen |
| | | Premysl Otakar II | 1251 | 1278 | Przemylovichi |
| | | Rudolph I | 1278 | 1282 | Habsburg |
| | | Rudolph II | 1282 | 1283 | Habsburg |
| | | Albrecht I | 1282 | 1308 | Habsburg |
| | | Rudolph III the Good | 1298 | 1307 | Habsburg |
| | | Frederick III Handsome | 1308 | 1330 | Habsburg |
| | | Albrecht II the Wise | 1330 | 1358 | Habsburg |
| | | Rudolph IV the Magnanimous | 1358 | 1365 | Habsburg |
| | | Albrecht III | 1365 | 1379 | Habsburg |
| | | Leopold III | 1365 | 1379 | Habsburg |
In 1379, the territories belonging to the Habsburg dynasty were divided between two brothers Albrecht III and Leopold III . The first was the Duchy of Austria and became the ancestor of the Albertine Habsburg line . The second became the ruler of Inner Austria , Tyrol and Front Austria and the founder of the Leopoldina line . Informally, the principality of Albrecht III was called Lower Austria (not to be confused with the modern federal state of Lower Austria), and the state of Leopold III was called Upper Austria .
Albertine line| Portrait | Emblem | Name | Board start | End of the board | Dynasty |
|---|
| | | Albrecht III | 1379 | 1395 | Habsburg |
| | | Albrecht IV Patient | 1395 | 1404 | Habsburg |
| | | Albrecht V | 1404 | 1439 | Habsburg |
| | | Ladislav Postum | 1440 | 1457 | Habsburg |
Leopoldinskaya line| Portrait | Emblem | Name | Board start | End of the board | Dynasty |
|---|
| | | Leopold III | 1379 | 1386 | Habsburg |
| | | William | 1386 | 1406 | Habsburg |
| | | Leopold IV | 1386 | 1411 | Habsburg |
In 1406, the Leopoldin line divided its territory. Ernst received Styria (Inner Austria), and Frederick IV received Tyrol and Front Austria.
Styrian line| Portrait | Emblem | Name | Board start | End of the board | Dynasty |
|---|
| | | Ernst | 1406 | 1424 | Habsburg |
| | | Frederick V | 1424 | 1453 | Habsburg |
Tyrolean line| Portrait | Emblem | Name | Board start | End of the board | Dynasty |
|---|
| | | Frederick IV | 1406 | 1439 | Habsburg |
| | | Sigismund | 1439 | 1490 | Habsburg |
The Austrian Empire was created in 1804, when Franz II assumed the title of Emperor of Austria after the proclamation of Napoleon as Emperor of France; thus, for two years, until the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Austrian monarch was "twice" the emperor.
| Portrait | Emblem | Name | Board start | End of the board | Dynasty |
|---|
| | | Franz I | 1804 | 1835 | Habsburg-Lorraine House |
| | | Ferdinand I | 1835 | 1848 | Habsburg-Lorraine House |
| | | Franz Joseph I | 1848 | 1916 | Habsburg-Lorraine House |
| | | Carl I | 1916 | 1918 | Habsburg-Lorraine House |
