The People’s Commissariat of Grain and Livestock Farms of the USSR was created on October 1, 1932 by the separation of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture .
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 | The People’s Commissariat of State Farms (Union and RSFSR) was located in the People’s Commissariat on Sadovaya-Spasskaya Street, in the mid-1930s. |
In accordance with the decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of December 2, 1932 “On the People’s Commissariat of Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR,” the All-Union People’s Commissariat of Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR was entrusted with “planning, organizational and operational-production management of grain and livestock state farms of the All-Union values "carried out" through the all-Union grain and livestock trusts " [1] .
The basis of the structure of the central apparatus of the Narkomsovkhozes was the creation of branch main departments: grain state farms, dairy and meat state farms, pig-breeding state farms, sheep-breeding state farms - with the assignment to each of them of all the functions of managing the corresponding state farms; in addition, the main management of educational institutions (with the subordination of universities, technical schools and schools to him on a special list of the People's Commissaries) and the political administration were included in the structure of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture. The Main Directorate of Grain State Farms and the Main Directorates of Livestock State Farms included the relevant departments (a total of 6 departments) according to the production orientation of the departments and the sector (planned, construction, human resources, and research institutions). Initially, the new People’s Commissariat was located in Moscow on Bolshoy Afanasyevsky Lane.
And already in December 1932 the first high-profile case broke out about the “counter-revolutionary organization of pests” in the system of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture and the People’s Commissariat of State Farms, on which the authorities blamed for the failure of grain procurement and the mass famine of 1932-1933. in the country [2] . The leaders were named Deputy People's Commissar of State Farms of the USSR M.M. Wolf, member of the Collegium of the People's Commissariat of State Farms T.M. Rudnev, member of the Collegium of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the USSR F.M. Konar and Deputy Chairman of the Tractor Center M.E. Kovarsky. In total, over 70 people were arrested [3] .
On March 11, 1933, the OGPU Board was sentenced on charges of korean espionage and sabotage in agriculture, and on March 12, 1933, thirty-six employees of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture and the People’s Commissariat of State Farm were shot and killed. Twenty-two employees of the people's commissariats received prison sentences of 10 years, another 18 people - of 8 years. This was immediately reported by the newspaper Pravda in a March 12, 1933 issue.
All convicted in this case were rehabilitated in 1957.
The Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of February 17, 1938 approved the "Regulation on the People's Commissariat of Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR", which reflected all previous changes in the structure of the People's Commissars of the USSR.
In accordance with this Regulation, a management structure was established for the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the USSR, the basis of which was composed of production and industry main departments:
- 1. Three Main Directorates of grain state farms (in the regions of the country).
- 2. Main Directorate of meat state farms.
- 3. General Directorate of Dairy State Farms.
- 4. General Directorate of pig farms.
- 5. General Directorate of Sheep State Farm.
- 6. General Directorate of Tribal State Farms.
- 7. General Veterinary Directorate.
- 8. General Directorate of educational institutions.
- 9. Political Management [4] .
- 2. Main Directorate of meat state farms.
Content
- 1 People's Commissars of grain and livestock farms of the USSR
- 2 The first head of the People’s Commissariat
- 2.1 Deputies of the People's Commissar Kalmanovich
- 3 Political department of the People’s Commissariat
- 4 Addresses of the People's Commissariat
- 5 Memories of the work of the People's Commissar
- 6 New People’s Commissariat Guide
- 7 notes
People's Commissars of Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR
| Yurkin, Tikhon Alexandrovich | October 1, 1932 | April 4, 1934 |
| Kalmanovich, Moses Iosifovich | April 4, 1934 | April 11, 1937 |
| Demchenko, Nikolay Nesterovich | April 11, 1937 | July 22, 1937 |
| Yurkin, Tikhon Alexandrovich | July 22, 1937 | November 22, 1938 |
| Lobanov, Pavel Pavlovich | December 10, 1938 | March 15, 1946 |
March 15, 1946 the People’s Commissariat was abolished.
- See also List of Ministers of Agriculture of Russia
First Head of People's Commissariat
The first People's Commissar of the newly formed People's Commissariat of State farms was appointed Tikhon Aleksandrovich Yurkin . Prior to that, in the 1928-1930s, he worked as the director of the grain farm of the Gigant state farm in the Rostov Region, where he brought him to a model farm with his energy and knowledge. In 1930, he was chairman of the Board of the Collective Farm Center of the USSR , and in 1931, chairman of the Zernosovkhozooedinenie.
In the post of People’s Commissar, T. A. Yurkin did not work long, and a year and a half later vacated the post for the newly appointed People’s Commissar Moses Kalmanovich, becoming one of seven deputies under him. Kalmanovich previously held the post of Chairman of the Board of the State Bank of the USSR and stayed in his new post for three long years.
Deputies of the People's Commissar Kalmanovich
- G. L. Ostrovsky (Grigory Lazarevich) - was shot on November 26, 1937 (resided: Moscow, Bolshoi Kozikhinsky per., D.19, apt. 14)
- M. G. Gerchikov - executed on 10/7/1937 (resided: Moscow, Serafimovich St., 2, apt. 157)
- T. A. Yurkin (Weinberg)
- L. A. Grushevsky - executed on June 14, 1937
- K.P. Soames (Karl Petrovich) - was killed during interrogation on December 2, 1937.
- V. L. Paverman (Vladimir Lvovich)
- A. A. Lvov (Abram Lvovich)
- Yu. E. Yuvin (Yuri Emmanuilovich) - assistant to the People's Commissar Kalmanovich - was shot on August 22, 1937.
Political Department of the People's Commissar
The head of the Political Department of the People’s Commissariat: Soames Karl Petrovich (old Bolshevik from the Latvian riflemen). In 1937 he was arrested as an “enemy of the people” (apparently shot).
In February 1938, the Political Department was transformed into the Political Administration of the People’s Commissariat, Andronik Melkumov was appointed the head of the department (executed on February 27, 1940).
Addresses of the People's Commissar
The People’s Commissariat was located in Moscow in the Big Afanasyevsky Lane. After the construction of the People’s Commissariat building was completed in 1933, the People’s Commissariat moved to a new building at 11/1 Sadovaya-Spasskaya St. According to the 1941 reference book, the leadership of the People’s Commissariat was located at 1, Kuibyshev Square, Moscow [5] .
The apartments of the leading workers of the People's Commissariat for Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR (chiefs of the main departments, main agronomists of the departments, etc.) were located at:
- Bolshoi Komsomolsky Lane , Building 6;
- Bolshoi Kozikhinsky Lane , Building 19.
Memories of the work of the people's commissar
From the memoirs of the assistant People's Commissar Suzyumov Evgeny Matveevich (unpublished manuscript. RSAE, department of personal funds, f. 627 op.1 d.171): “Yurkin did not like life in Moscow, he was drawn to wide rural expanses. This was facilitated by his experience in agriculture, plus a love of nature. Therefore, he spent a significant portion of his time traveling around state farms ... How were they accomplished? - A special service car with a trailer for a car was attached to it. A large part of the car was occupied by a spacious meeting room. Further, his personal compartment is wide and convenient for work. Further, several single-seat compartments for accompanying persons, one of which I occupied. Next came the compartment for the guides and cook, warehouse. The route was planned in advance, it was reported in railway Administration a schedule of work in the parking lots, a list of scheduled for visits to state farms ". And further:
“So, the record of trips.
1933 year:
1.From 27.01. until 02.22. Moscow - Kharkov - Rostov-on-Don - state farm Giant - White Clay - Krasnodar - Vedmedovka - Rostov - Zverevo - Voronezh - Moscow.
2. From 18.03. on 7.04. Moscow - Kharkov - Odessa - Kopan - Kherson - Kakhovka - Red Perekop - Askania Nova - Dornburg - Berislavl - White Krinitsa - World - Dnepropetrovsk - Melitopol - Patience - Kharkov - Moscow.
3. From April 16 to May 11. Moscow - Novosibirsk - Aul - Pospelikha - Shipunovo - Cherepanovo - Yurga - Novosibirsk - Omsk - Kazan - Moscow.
4.07.07-14.07. Moscow - Simferopol - Grammatikovo - Biyuk - Onlar - Yevpatoriya - Rostov - Camel - State Farm Giant - White Clay - Smooth - Camel - Isobilie - Rostov n / a - Moscow.
5. 08.21-15.09 Moscow - Omsk - Novouralsk - Chelkar - Novosibirsk - Pospelikha - Cherepanovo - Novosibirsk - Moscow.
6.24.09. — 3.10. Moscow - Rostov n / a - Tikhoretskaya - Trubetskaya - Rostov - Moscow.
1934 year:
7.24.02. — 13.03. Moscow - Rostov n / A - Krapotkin - Rivne - Krasnodar - Tikhoretskaya - Rostov - Pyatigorsk - Rostov - Moscow. "
New People’s Commissar Manual
On April 4, 1934, by resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR , signed by V. M. Molotov, Yurkin was relieved of his post as People's Commissar.
The new People's Commissar was appointed M.I. Kalmanovich , who previously held the post of Chairman of the Board of the State Bank . Filmed in 1937 , shot. The deputies of M.I. Kolmanovich were shot. In 1937-1938, senior officials of the People’s Commissariat, the chiefs of the main departments, were also executed: N. M. Mukomel, A. D. Burkov, V. P. Pavlov [6] - almost the entire leadership of the South Grain and Farm Directorates of the South [7] .
Notes
- ↑ About the People’s Commissariat of Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR. Resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR as of December 2, 1932 (without number) // Collection of Laws and Orders of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government of the USSR, 1932, No. 79, Art. 482.
- ↑ Serge V. From Revolution to Totalitarianism: Memoirs of a Revolutionary. - M.: Praxis. 2001 .-- 696 p. Personalized comment
- ↑ Newspaper Pravda, March 5, 1933.
- ↑ On the approval of the "Regulations on the People's Commissariat of Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR". Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on February 17, 1938 No. 180 // Collection of Laws and Orders of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government of the USSR, 1938, No. 4, Art. 12.
- ↑ Address Directory, Directory of the chairman of the collective farm. - M.: OGIZ, State. publishing house of collective farm and state farm literature (Selkhozgiz), 1941. // Site Project "Historical Materials"
- ↑ Executions in Moscow. Bolshoi Zlatoustinsky Lane, 6
- ↑ Bolshoi Kozikhinsky per., Building 19
This page is based on the unpublished manuscript of E. M. Suzyumov , which is located in the RSAE, department of personal funds, f. 627 op. 1 d. 171.