Abivard (Abi-ward, Abiverd, Pers. ابیورد , other Greek Apauarktikē ) [1] - an ancient city of the Sassanid era , located on the territory of modern Turkmenistan . Located at the foot of three mountains in the Kara-Kum desert. Located in the northern part of the medieval region, called the " Great Khorasan ." Served as a border city and was part of the border chain of cities created by the rulers of ancient Iran to prevent the raids of barbarians from Inner Asia. The entire area, including Serakhs and Nisa , in Turkish sources was designated as Ataq ( Tur . Ätäk ).
| Ancient city | |
| Abivard | |
|---|---|
Archaeological excavations of the ancient city were made only in the last century - about 8 km east of Kakhka station (part of the Trans-Caspian railway Ashgabat - Merv ), the total excavation area was 12,000 m². It is represented by several mounds and hills, the nature of which is defined as settlements. The central part rises to 30 m and about 350 m in circumference. [2]
Only a few sources mention the name Abivard ( Mukaddasi , “ Khudud al-Alam ”), they note only “sufficiently developed agriculture” and “the belligerent nature of local residents, which, of course, is influenced by the function of the border city” [3] .
Corresponds to the modern city of Derregez in Iran , near the Abivard is the Fiery Temple of Bandian [4] .
Notes
- ↑ electricpulp.com. ABĪVARD - Encyclopaedia Iranica . www.iranicaonline.org. Date of treatment November 25, 2016.
- ↑ M. Th. Houtsma. EJ Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936 . - BRILL. - P. 37. - ISBN 9004097961 .
- ↑ Bosworth, CE . ABĪVARD , Encyclopaedia Iranica (January 04, 2012). Date of treatment January 4, 2012.
- ↑ Archived copy (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment January 24, 2019. Archived January 24, 2019.
Literature
- Antiquities of the Abiverd District: Results of a 1928 Research Expedition. - Tashkent: Institute of Turkmen Culture Sred.-Az. state University, 1931. - 51 p. - (Proceedings of the Central Asian State University. Series II Orientalia; issue 3).