The ghetto in the Kozlovschina (summer 1941 - November 24, 1941) is a Jewish ghetto , the place of forced resettlement of Jews in the village of Kozlovschina, Dyatlovsky District, Grodno Region and nearby settlements during the persecution and extermination of Jews during the occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany during World War II .
| Ghetto in Kozlovshchina | |
|---|---|
 Monument to the Jews of Kozlovschina, murdered by the Nazis | |
| Location | Kozlovschina Dyatlovsky district Grodno region |
| Period of existence | summer 1941 - November 24, 1941 |
| Death toll | 300 |
The occupation of the Kozlov region and the creation of the ghetto
The urban village of Kozlovschina was captured by German troops in June 1941, and was under occupation for more than 3 years - until July 13 (9 [1] ) 1944 [2] [3] [4] .
Shortly after the occupation, the Germans, implementing a Nazi program of extermination of Jews , created a ghetto in the village [5] .
Ghetto Destruction
On November 24, 1941, the Germans ordered several dozens of local residents to dig 6 holes near the Kozlov region. The invaders drove the Jews out of their houses, loaded them onto cars, took them to those previously prepared pits and shot them. In total, during this “action” (the Nazis called the massacres organized by them) as such a euphemism , 13 flights were made. The next day, November 25, the Germans found another 18 hiding Jews, took them to a local cemetery and forced them to dig a grave. Parents stood by the pit with their children in their arms. The Germans were first shot only at the children, and their parents were shot later - after torture. During these two days, on November 24 and 25, 1941, approximately 300 (770 [4] ) Jews of the town [3] [6] [7] [8] [9] were killed.
The houses of those killed were almost destroyed during the search for allegedly hidden values of Jews [3] [5] .
Cases of Salvation
Among the prisoners of the Kozlovschinsky ghetto was Ihezkel Atlas with his parents and sister. In November 1941, his relatives were killed, but he himself (and several others) managed to escape, organized and led a partisan detachment, and before his death in battle in October 1942, took revenge on the Nazis and their accomplices [10] [11] .
Memory
In 1944, after the liberation of the town, it became clear that only 2 people remained alive from all Jews of the Kozlovschina [5] .
In 1967, an obelisk was erected on the grave of the victims of the Jewish genocide 1 kilometer south of the Kozlovschina with the inscription “ 2500 people of Soviet citizens were buried here, brutally tortured by the Nazi invaders on November 21, 1941 ” [3] [5] [12] [4 ] .
Sources
- ↑ "Memory. Dziatlaўski rayan ”, 1997 , p. 220, 222-223, 232.
- ↑ Periods of occupation of settlements of Belarus
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 L. Smilovitsky. The ghetto of Belarus - examples of genocide (from the book "The Holocaust of Jews in Belarus, 1941-1944."
- ↑ 1 2 3 “Memory. Dziatlaўski rayan ”, 1997 , p. 376.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kozlovschina - article from the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia
- ↑ Directory of places of detention, 2001 , p. 41.
- ↑ "Memory. Dziatlaўski rayan ”, 1997 , p. 138, 376.
- ↑ National Archives of the Republic of Belarus (NARB). - fund 845, inventory 1, file 6, sheet 41
- ↑ Poison of Yours . The project of perpetuation of the names of Jews who died during the Holocaust in the occupied territories of the USSR
- ↑ Murina S. Very personal stories about the war.
- ↑ Helmer J. Guerrilla Jews
- ↑ Holocaust in Kozlovschina
Literature
- Adamushko V.I., Biryukova O.V., Kryuk V.P., Kudryakova G.A. Directory of places of forced detention of civilians in the occupied territory of Belarus 1941-1944. - Mn. : National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, State Committee for Archives and Record Keeping of the Republic of Belarus, 2001. - 158 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 985-6372-19-4 .
- “Crimes of Nazi occupiers in Belarus. 1941-1944 ”[Documents and materials / [Center. state Archive of the October Revolution and social. the construction of the BSSR. Institute of History Acad. Sciences of the BSSR]; Foreword I.P. Khovratovich and G.N. Shevela., Minsk: Belarus, 1965, p. 280
- L. Smilovitsky. The ghetto of Belarus - examples of genocide (from the book "The Holocaust of Jews in Belarus, 1941-1944."
- Kozlovschina - an article from the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia ;
- A.M. Ivanashka, U.K. Kasko i insh. (redkal.), P. M. Baranoўski, I. Ya. Skarynkin (bedding). “Memory. Dziatlaўski rayan. " - Mn. : Universitetskoye, 1997 .-- 398 p. - ISBN 985-09-0068-7 . (belor.)
Further reading
- Smilovitsky L. L. The catastrophe of the Jews in Belarus, 1941-1944 . - Tel Aviv: Matthew Black Library, 2000 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 965-7094-24-0 .
- Yitzhak Arad . The extermination of the Jews of the USSR during the years of German occupation (1941-1944). Compilation of documents and materials, Jerusalem, Yad Vashem Publishing House , 1991, ISBN 9653080105
- Chernoglazova R. A., Kheer H. The tragedy of the Jews of Belarus in 1941-1944: a collection of materials and documents. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and more .. - Mn. : E. S. Halperin, 1997 .-- 398 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 985627902X .
See also
- Ghetto in the Dyatlovsky district