Sodium superoxide

Sodium superoxide
Sodium superoxide
General
Systematic ; name	Sodium superoxide
Traditional names	sodium superoxide, sodium hyperoxide, sodium dioxide, sodium peroxide
Chem. formula	NaO 2
Physical properties
condition	orange yellow crystals
Molar mass	54.99 g / mol
Density	2.21 g / cm³
Thermal properties
Like heat resistant.	71.88 J / (mol · K)
Enthalpy of Education	−261 kJ / mol
Classification
Reg. CAS number	12034-12-7
PubChem
Smiles
Inchi
RTECS
ChemSpider

Sodium perperoxide is a binary compound of sodium and oxygen with the formula NaO ₂ , orange-yellow crystals with an ionic crystal lattice.

Content

1 Receiving
2 Physical properties
3 Chemical properties
4 Application
5 Literature

Getting

Sodium peroxide at high pressure (100 at) and temperature interacts with oxygen:

{\mathsf {Na_{2}O_{2}+O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {450^{o}C,p}}\ 2\ NaO_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {Na_ {2} O_ {2} + O_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {450 ^ {o} C, p}} \ 2 \ NaO_ {2}}}}

{\mathsf {Na_{2}O_{2}+O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {450^{o}C,p}}\ 2\ NaO_{2}}}

The same result can be achieved by burning sodium in oxygen under pressure:

{\mathsf {Na+O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {400^{o}C,p}}\ \ NaO_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {Na + O_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {400 ^ {o} C, p}} \ \ NaO_ {2}}}}

{\mathsf {Na+O_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {400^{o}C,p}}\ \ NaO_{2}}}

Physical Properties

Sodium superoxide forms orange-yellow crystals. It has an ionic structure (Na ⁺ ) (O ₂ ^- ).

At temperatures above −50 ° C, phase I is stable - cubic syngony , space group F m3m , cell parameters a = 0.549 nm, Z = 4.

At a temperature in the range from −77 ° C to −50 ° C, there is phase II — cubic syngony, space group P a3 , cell parameters a = 0.546 nm.

At a temperature in the range from −230 ° С to −77 ° С, phase III exists - rhombic syngony , space group Pnnm , cell parameters a = 0.426 nm, b = 0.554 nm, c = 0.334 nm.

At temperatures below −230 ° C, there is phase IV with a density of 2.21 g / cm³.

Chemical Properties

When heated, sodium superoxide, already at 100 ° C, begins to liberate oxygen:

{\mathsf {2\ NaO_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}\ Na_{2}O_{2}+O_{2}\uparrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2 \ NaO_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {\}} \ Na_ {2} O_ {2} + O_ {2} \ uparrow}}}

Sodium superoxide is dissolved in liquid ammonia from which, upon cooling to -32.5 ° C, the NaO ₂ • 2NH ₃ complex precipitates.

The superoxide reacts with water with the release of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen:

{\mathsf {2\ NaO_{2}+2\ H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}\ 2\ NaOH+H_{2}O_{2}+O_{2}\uparrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2 \ NaO_ {2} +2 \ H_ {2} O \ {\ xrightarrow {\}} \ 2 \ NaOH + H_ {2} O_ {2} + O_ {2} \ uparrow} }}

and in the presence of a catalyst, for example MnO ₂ , the reaction proceeds according to the scheme:

{\mathsf {4\ NaO_{2}+2\ H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {MnO_{2}}}\ 4\ NaOH+3\ O_{2}\uparrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4 \ NaO_ {2} +2 \ H_ {2} O \ {\ xrightarrow {MnO_ {2}}} \ 4 \ NaOH + 3 \ O_ {2} \ uparrow}}}

the reaction with acids is similar:

{\mathsf {4\ NaO_{2}+4\ HCl\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}\ 4\ NaCl+2\ H_{2}O+3\ O_{2}\uparrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4 \ NaO_ {2} +4 \ HCl \ {\ xrightarrow {\}} \ 4 \ NaCl + 2 \ H_ {2} O + 3 \ O_ {2} \ uparrow}}}

reacts with carbon dioxide :

{\mathsf {4\ NaO_{2}+2\ CO_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}\ 2\ Na_{2}CO_{3}+3\ O_{2}\uparrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4 \ NaO_ {2} +2 \ CO_ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {\}} \ 2 \ Na_ {2} CO_ {3} +3 \ O_ {2} \ uparrow}} }

when heated, reacts with carbon monoxide (II) :

{\mathsf {2\ NaO_{2}+CO\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ Na_{2}CO_{3}+O_{2}\uparrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2 \ NaO_ {2} + CO \ {\ xrightarrow {100 ^ {o} C}} \ Na_ {2} CO_ {3} + O_ {2} \ uparrow}}}

Sodium superoxide is a strong oxidizing agent:

{\mathsf {4\ NaO_{2}+3\ C\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ 2\ Na_{2}CO_{3}+CO_{2}\uparrow }}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4 \ NaO_ {2} +3 \ C \ {\ xrightarrow {100 ^ {o} C}} \ 2 \ Na_ {2} CO_ {3} + CO_ {2} \ uparrow}} }

{\mathsf {NaO_{2}+Al\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ \ NaAlO_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {NaO_ {2} + Al \ {\ xrightarrow {100 ^ {o} C}} \ \ NaAlO_ {2}}}}

Application

It is used as a component of oxygen regeneration systems alone or in a mixture with potassium superoxide .

Literature

Chemical Encyclopedia / Editorial Board: Knunyants I.L. et al. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1992. - T. 3. - 639 p. - ISBN 5-82270-039-8 .
Lidin R.A. and other Chemical properties of inorganic substances: Textbook. manual for universities. - 3rd ed., Rev. - M .: Chemistry, 2000 .-- 480 p. - ISBN 5-7245-1163-0 .

Sodium superoxide
General
Systematic name	Sodium superoxide
Traditional names	sodium superoxide, sodium hyperoxide, sodium dioxide, sodium peroxide
Chem. formula	NaO ₂
Physical properties
condition	orange yellow crystals
Molar mass	54.99 g / mol
Density	2.21 g / cm³
Thermal properties
Like heat resistant.	71.88 J / (mol · K)
Enthalpy of Education	−261 kJ / mol
Classification
Reg. CAS number	12034-12-7
PubChem
Smiles
Inchi
RTECS
ChemSpider