The first string quartet, D-dur opus 11, by P. I. Tchaikovsky, was written and instrumented in February 1871 in Moscow for performance at the author's concert at the Moscow Conservatory . The quartet was first performed on March 16 (28) by Ferdinand Laub and Ludwig Minkus (violins), I. Pryanishnikov [ clarify ] (viola) and Wilhelm Fitzenhagen (cello). A year later, the quartet sounded in St. Petersburg, where, according to the composer, "made a splash". The concert is dedicated to the scientist and teacher S. A. Rachinsky , the first Russian translator of the works of C. Darwin [1] .
Content
Brief Feature
The quartet is one of the best achievements of the early works of the great Russian composer. He immediately became widely known and was one of the first works of the composer, sounded in Western Europe [2] . The second part of the quartet, which is based on the folk song "Sitting Vanya on the Couch", became very popular during the lifetime of the composer and was one of the most frequently performed musical works. Tchaikovsky heard this song in Kamenka [3] in the summer of 1869 from a carpenter, a native of the Kaluga province . In February 1888, the composer processed this part for the cello and string orchestra, thereby finally “legitimizing” its existence as an independent concert number.
Structure
The quartet is written in four parts:
- Moderato e semplice
- Andante cantabile
- Scherzo Allegro non tanto con con fuoco - Trio
- Finale. Allegro giusto - Allegro vivace
Criticism
Tchaikovsky’s first string quartet was well received by critics. In particular, he made a very big impression on Leo Tolstoy . About December 13-15, 1876 [4] N. G. Rubinstein , a longtime acquaintance of the writer, specially for him organized a musical evening at the Moscow Conservatory, which featured Tchaikovsky's chamber and vocal works, including string quartet No. 1. Researchers succeeded to identify the names of some musicians who took part in the concert: for example, the quartet was performed by I. V. Grzhimali , A. D. Brodsky , Yu. G. Gerber , V. F. Fitzenhagen [5] . Subsequently, the composer recalled this evening: “Maybe never in my life <...> I was not so flattered and touched in my author's pride as when Leo Tolstoy, listening to andante of my 1st quartet and sitting next to me - burst into tears " [6] .
Notes
- ↑ Chamber evenings. P. I. Tchaikovsky. Nature and Love . Bolshoi Theater . The date of circulation is July 12, 2017.
- ↑ Ivan Fedorov. Tchaikovsky | First Quartet, op. 11 . www.tchaikov.ru. The date of circulation is July 12, 2017.
- ↑ Pyotr Tchaikovsky (Pyotr Tchaikovsky) | Classic-music.ru Neopr . www.classic-music.ru. The date of circulation is July 12, 2017.
- ↑ Established by A. I. Opulsky , A. S. Petrovsky, and N. D. Pokrovskaya. See: L. Tolstoy. Complete Works: B 90 tt. - M .: Goslitizdat , 1953. - T. 62. - P. 298. - Approx. 2
- ↑ Established G. V. Krasnov . See: L.N. Tolstoy in the memoirs of contemporaries: In 2 vols. - M .: Fiction , 1978. - T. 1. - P. 561. - Approx. four.
- ↑ Tchaikovsky, P. I. Diary, July 1, 1886 // Lev N. Tolstoy in the memoirs of contemporaries: In 2 vols. - M .: Fiction , 1978. - T. 1. - p. 236.
Literature
- Yu. A. Rozanov. Book 3. The second half of the XIX century. P. I. Tchaikovsky // History of Russian Music: A Textbook for the Muses. universities / under total ed. A.I. Kandinsky. - M .: Music , 1981. - T. II. - 312 s. - 35 000 copies
Links
- Article by P. E. Weidman about the quartet
- Article by Yu. V. Keldysh about the quartet on the site Belcanto.ru
- Quartet notes on the IMSLP website