Anchor Square - the central square in the city of Kronstadt, Kronstadt district of St. Petersburg . It is located in the historical city center between Sovetskaya Street and the Obvodny Canal - in the northern part, the technical ravine of Petrovsky Dock and Manezhny Lane - in the southern part. From the west, the area is bounded by the wall of the Kronstadt Admiralty , from the east by the square of the Kronstadt Naval Cathedral . They lead to Yakornaya Square from the side of Sovetskaya Street - Sovetsky Bridge (across the Obvodny Canal), from the Manege Lane over the ravine - Makarovsky Bridge (from Krasnaya Street) and the Upper Dock Bridge (from Communist Street).
| Anchor Square | |
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| Kronstadt | |
 Anchor Square, aerial view | |
| general information | |
| A country |
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| Former names | until 1993 - Victims of the Revolution Square |
| The nearest streets | Communist street Soviet street, Red Street |
| On the cards | |
A unique cast-iron pavement has been preserved on Anchor Square - almost the only one in Russia. Similar cast-iron sabers in Kronstadt also laid out the carriageway of Penkovy Bridge. Cast-iron pavement of the Anchor Square with a length of approx. 200 meters (approx. 15 thousand cast-iron checkers) in March 2012 was dismantled and was under restoration until 2013.
Content
History
It is generally accepted that the Anchor Square originates from the warehouse of anchors, and then the anchor chains from decommissioned ships and ships, which existed here in 1754-1898, along with other buildings. In 1861, its territory was separated from the rest of the Admiralty by a long stone wall - in this way the western part of the territory took shape. When the square finally officially became known as the Anchor, it is not necessary to speak. So, in the Historical essay and description of Kronstadt, published in 1908 by midshipman Dorogov, this name is present. But in 1912, when determining the place of installation of the monument to Admiral S. O. Makarov, it was listed on the plans as “Adjustable parade ground” or “Adjustable platform”. At the same time, already in 1918 it was officially renamed from Yakornaya to the Square of the Victims of the Revolution (until 1993, more often, including officially, it was used - the Square of the Revolution). However, all this time the townspeople continued to call Yakornaya Square, as, for example, Leningrad residents continued to call the prospectus of October 25 - Nevsky, etc.
During the events of the February Revolution of 1917, dozens of officers were killed on Anchor Square, including the Military Governor and Chief Commander of the Kronstadt Port (since 1909), Vice Admiral R.N. Viren . In March 1917, those who died during the Kronstadt uprising of 1906 were reburied on a square in a mass grave. Here were buried the revolutionaries who died in 1917, who died in 1919 and in 1921 - only about 600 people, although only 40 names are indicated on the monument. The last here, already in the 1980s, was buried the ashes of the Chief Commissar of the Baltic Fleet I.P. Flerovsky (1888-1959). On the place of the mass grave on November 3, 1974, a new monument was unveiled to the Victims of Revolutions (architect L.K. Larionova, authors V. Chechetkin and V. Godun), and on November 6, 1980, the Fire was lit from the Eternal Flame of the Field of Mars (Leningrad) Revolution.
Anchor Square has always been both a resting place for residents and visitors of the city, and a place for military parades and rallies. So, with the 15,000 rally on Yakornaya Square, the Kronstadt uprising began in 1921 , when the Kronstadt garrison and a small portion of the civilian population put forward the demand "For Soviet Power Without the Bolsheviks!" The meeting was attended by the Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, M. I. Kalinin , but his speech was disrupted, and Kalinin was forced to leave Anchor Square, and then Kronstadt.
During the Great Patriotic War, an artillery battery and slots - shelters were located on the square. The events of the Great Patriotic War are reminded of the memorial of the battleship “October Revolution”, transferred to the square from the Kronstadt Summer Garden and officially opened in 1986, as well as the Wall of Glory (2000/2009).
Monuments
Naval Cathedral
Construction began in 1902 (project by V. A. Kosyakov ) in the presence of Vice Admiral S. O. Makarov and Father John of Kronstadt . On June 10, 1913, the Cathedral was consecrated in the presence of Nicholas II, members of his family and a large gathering of people, although in fact the painting of the dome and work in the lower church were never completed. Divine services continued until 1929, and the Cathedral was officially closed in 1932, after which it was organized by the Maxim Gorky Club and Cinema. Since 1939, the Navy Sailor's Club was located in the Cathedral, during the war years - a hospital, observation post, time unit, etc. Two enemy artillery shells hit the Cathedral, but without any special consequences. Since 1980, the Kronstadt Fortress Museum (a branch of the Central Naval Museum) was housed in the Cathedral, and the Baltic Fleet Theater since the 1990s, then they were moved from there since the restoration of the Cathedral began in 2008.
High-rise dominant of the city (75.3 m). In clear weather it is visible from any coast of the Gulf of Finland .
It was consecrated by Patriarch Kirill on April 19, 2012, after which divine services are held on weekends and Orthodox holidays. The official opening of the Cathedral took place on May 28, 2013, when a great consecration was held [1] .
Monument to Admiral S.O. Makarov
The bronze monument, created in 1913 by the sculptor L.V. Sherwood , stands on the edge of a huge 160-ton granite rock, and the sea wave running on it resembles the Japanese dragon in outlines - as a symbol of the death of S. O. Makarov on the battleship Petropavlovsk in 1904 during the defense of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War . At the bottom of the monument is on the front side: a brief history of the creation of the monument and Makarov's motto is “Remember the war”, and on the other three sides there are bas-reliefs with the main episodes of his life and work.
Other Monuments
- Mass grave (Fire of Glory), in memory of those who died during the uprisings of 1905-1906-1917-1921 and in 1919 in the Civil War .
- Two-gun artillery 76-mm installation of 81-K from the battleship "October Revolution" . The gun commander was the foreman of the 1st article, Ivan Tombasov , who, at the cost of his life, saved the ship from the explosion on April 16, 1943.
- Two stern anchors (stop anchors) weighing 2.6 tons each of the battleship “October Revolution” and part of the armor of the main gun’s gun turret. Like the artillery mount, in 1957 they were installed in the Kronstadt Summer Garden, but later moved to Anchor Square, where they were officially opened on June 22, 1986.
- The Wall of Glory (opened May 9, 2000) in memory of the defenders of Kronstadt and Leningrad who died during the Great Patriotic War - 24 memorial plaques.
In the immediate vicinity are located:
- Admiralty
- Summer garden
- Bypass channel
- Roshal Square and the Youth and Leisure Center located on it (Bastion Cinema)
Transport
Directly next to the square - along Sovetskaya Street - there are buses 1Kr and 2Kr. Stop - "Anchor Square". The rest of the buses stop at a considerable distance: the bus stop 1Kr and 3Kr at the Winter Quay ; earlier, ferries from Lomonosov and meteors from St. Petersburg arrived at Zimnaya Marina; now only aquabuses stop there; suburban buses at the Gostiny Dvor - 101 , 175 and 215.
Gallery
Notes
Literature
- City names today and yesterday: Petersburg toponymy / comp. S.V. Alekseeva, A.G. Vladimirovich , A.D. Erofeev et al. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - SPb. : Lick , 1997 .-- S. 141. - 288 p. - (Three centuries of Northern Palmyra). - ISBN 5-86038-023-2 .
- Gorbachevich K. S. , Khablo E. P. Why are they so named? On the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges of St. Petersburg. - SPb. : Norint , 2002 .-- 353 p. - ISBN 5-7711-0019-6 .
- "Suburbs of St. Petersburg" G. Buntaryan and V. Lavrov