Forehead, Jacques

The leader of the mechanistic direction in zoopsychology , the author of the doctrine of tropisms . Using the data of his experiments on lower animals, he put forward the position that when explaining their reactions there is no need to turn to the psyche , since they can be fully explained by the action of physicochemical factors. The approximate behavior of animals arises in response to the excitation of various peripheral parts of the body sensitive to these factors. Discussions about this teaching stimulated the search for a new understanding of the objective method in psychology , which is different from that proposed by Loeb and his followers and at the same time taking into account the futility of understanding consciousness as an incorporeal force that controls behavior from the outside.

• Der Heliotropismus der Thiere und seine Uebereinstimmung mit dem Heliotropismus der Pflanzen , Würzburg: Verlag von Georg Hertz, 1890.
• Untersuchungen zur physiologischen Morphologie der Thiere , Würzburg: Verlag von Georg Hertz, 1891-1892. 2 vols., Vol. 1: Ueber Heteromorphose , vol. 2: Organbildung und Wachsthum .
• Einleitung in die vergleichende Gehirnphysiologie und vergleichende Psychologie , Leipzig: JA Barth, 1899. English ed., Comparative physiology of the brain and comparative psychology ^[6] , New York: Putnam, 1900.
• Studies in general physiology ^[7] , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1905.
• The dynamics of living matter , New York: Columbia University Press, 1906.
• 1906 : Miscellaneous pamphlets on physiology and physiological chemistry from the scientific library of Jacques Loeb ^[8] (Londres).
• The mechanistic conception of life: biological essays ^{[9] [10]} , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1912; reprint, Cambridge, Mass .: Harvard University Press, 1964 - Il s'agit de son ouvrage le plus fameux et le plus important. Il contient la traduction en anglais de certains de ses travaux allemands précédents.
• Artificial parthenogenesis and fertilization , tr. from German by WO Redman King, rev. and ed. by Loeb. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1913.
• The organism as a whole, from a physicochemical viewpoint ^[11] , New York: Putnam, 1916.
• Forced movements, tropisms, and animal conduct ^[12] , Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1918.
• Proteins and the theory of colloidal behavior ^[13] , New York: McGraw-Hill, 1922.

• William Homan Thorpe, The Origins and Rise of Ethology , New York, Praeger, 1979, IX-174 p. ISBN 0-03-053251-1
• H. Fangerau (2006), The novel Arrowsmith, Paul de Kruif (1890-1971) and Jacques Loeb (1859-1924): A literary portrait of "medical science", Medical Humanities 32: S. 82-87
• H. Fangerau, I. Müller (2005): “National Styles? Jacques Loeb's Analysis of German and American Science Around 1900 in his Correspondence with Ernst Mach ”, Centaurus - International Journal of the History of Mathematics, Science, and Technology 47 (3), S. 207-225
• I. Jahn (2004), Geschichte der Biologie, S. 454
• P. Pauly, (1987): Controlling Life: Jacques Loeb and the Engineering Ideal in Biology. New York (Oxford University Press)

• Généalogie de la famille Loeb
• Jacques Loeb sur Jewish Encyclopedia
• Jacques Loeb sur infoplease.com