The three-chamber parliament ( tricameralism , the three-chamber system ) is the structure of parliament , in which it consists of three chambers. One of the forms of a multicameral parliament . Currently, such a parliamentary structure is not found in any other country in the world, and in history examples of three-chamber parliaments are quite rare. Similar forms were found in South Africa , the Republic of China (Taiwan) , the socialist republics within Yugoslavia ), and much earlier in France . A number of parliaments are also sometimes described by researchers as tricameral, but such a definition was not explicitly spelled out in the laws of the respective countries and did not receive universal recognition for science. The three-chamber system was also proposed by Simon Bolivar as part of his model of government .
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France
As a three-chamber parliament, the French General States are sometimes described, in which there were three estates: the nobility , the clergy and the third estate , sitting, as a rule, separately, but often together. However, the functioning of the estates in the General States differs from the functioning of the chambers, which does not allow such a description to gain a foothold as established and generally accepted.
As a three-chamber, the consulate’s parliament is usually considered, consisting of the Senate , the Tribunate and the Legislative Assembly ( French Corps législatif ).
South Africa
In the apartheid era, the South African parliament , according to the 1983 constitution , consisted of three chambers. This model lasted from 1984 to 1994 . The chambers were equipped on racial grounds. The House of Assembly ( African Volksraad ) consisted of whites , the House of Representatives ( African Raad van Verteenwoordigers ) of the so-called “ colored ”, and the House of Delegates ( African Raad van Afgevaardigdes ) of the Indians [1] .
Yugoslavia
According to the Constitution of the SFRY of 1974 , the parliaments of the republics that make up the country were three-chamber. One of the chambers provided representation to citizens, the second to communities , and the third to socio-political organizations. Such a complicated structure of regional assemblies, according to a number of researchers, was supposed to form the appearance of democracy , outwardly compensate for the actual monopoly of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia on power in the country [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 The structure of the parliament and the organization of its chambers // Constitutional (state) law of foreign countries / B. Strashun. - 3rd ed. - M: BEK, 2000. - T. 1-2 pages = 784. - ISBN 5-85639-276-0 .