Count Gustav Kalnoki ( German: Gustav Sigmund Graf Kálnoky von Köröspatak , Hungarian Gróf Kőröspataki Kálnoky Gusztáv Zsigmond , December 29, 1832 - February 13, 1898 ) - Austro-Hungarian diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Austria-Hungary in 1881 - 1895 .
| Gustav Kalnocki | |||||||
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| Gróf Gusztáv Zsigmond Kálnoky Kőröspataki | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Karl Heinrich Hymerle | ||||||
| Successor | Agenor Golukhovsky | ||||||
| Birth | December 29, 1832 Lettowitz , Moravia , Austrian Empire | ||||||
| Death | February 13, 1898 (65 years old) Predlitz , Moravia , Austria-Hungary | ||||||
| Father | Count Gustav Jozsef Kalnoki von Köröspataki (1799-1884) | ||||||
| Mother | Countess Isabella von Schrattenbach (1809-1875) | ||||||
| Profession | military diplomat | ||||||
| Religion | Catholic | ||||||
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Origin and diplomatic career
Came from a Hungarian transylvanian noble family. The fourth of eleven children is Count Gustav Joseph von Köröspatak ( 1799 - 1884 ) and Countess Isabella von Schrattenbach ( 1809 - 1875 ). Born in Lettovitz Castle (modern Letovice in the Czech Republic ). At the age of 17 he entered the military service and served as senior lieutenant. Hussar .
Since 1854 - in the Austrian diplomatic service. He was an attaché in Bavaria , from 1857 - in Prussia . In 1860 - 1870 - Secretary of the Embassy in London . Then adviser to the embassy in the Vatican , since 1874 - ambassador to Denmark .
In 1879 he received the rank of general. Appointed ambassador to Russia , where he served until November 1881 .
Minister of Foreign Affairs
He served as Minister of the Imperial House and Foreign Affairs after the death of Baron Hymerle . Characterized as a cautious diplomat.
One of the authors of the Triple Alliance (the involvement of Italy in the Austro-German Treaty ). Attempted to neutralize Romania and Serbia . Architect of the Mediterranean Entente . He sought to limit Russia's influence in Bulgaria .
Being a Catholic , he was in conflict with the Hungarian government, which was dominated by Protestants . The Minister supported the papal nuncio in Hungary, Antonio Aljardi , who opposed the processes of secularization, including against the recognition of civil marriages . The Hungarian government demanded the recall of Aljardi, but Kalnoki gave him public support. In May 1895, Hungarian Minister-President Desjo Banfi secured the Minister’s resignation under the pretext of Russophilia Kalnoki and the weak policies pursued in the Balkans . Agnor Golukhovsky became the successor of Kalnoki.
Until 1897, Kalnocki was a member of the House of Herrenhaus of the Parliament of Cisleitania , however, he spent most of his time in the estate inherited from his mother in Predlitse (modern Brodek at Prostekhov in the Czech Republic), where he died.
Literature
- Diplomatic Dictionary. - M .: State Publishing House of Political Literature. A. Ya. Vyshinsky, S.A. Lozovsky. 1948.
- Walter Rauscher: Zwischen Berlin und St. Petersburg. Die österreichisch-ungarische Außenpolitik unter Gustav Graf Kálnoky 1881-1895. - Verlag Böhlau, Wien 1993.
- Walter Rauscher: Bündnisproblematik und österreichische Innenpolitik unter Kálnoky (1881–1895). // Helmut Rumpler (Hrsg.): Der “Zweibund” 1879. Das deutsch-österreichisch-ungarische Bündnis und die europäische Diplomatie- Historikergespräch Österreich - Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1994. - Verlag der Österr. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1996.
- Ernst R. Rutkowski . Gustav Graf Kálnoky. Eine biographische Skizze. // Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs. 14 (1961), S. 330-334.
- Ernst R. Rutkowski . Gustav Graf Kálnoky von Kököspatak. Österreich-Ungarns Außenpolitik von 1881-1885. 2 Bände, Dissertation, Universität Wien 1952.