Jan Ostrog ( Polish Jan Ostroróg ; 1436 - 1501 , Grodzisk Wielkopolski ) - statesman and public figure of the Kingdom of Poland , writer and publicist. Since 1500 - the governor of Poznan .
| Jan Ostrog | |
|---|---|
| Jan Ostroróg | |
 Jan Ostrog at work on the Memorial. Bas-relief of the Poznan Imperial Palace | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| A place of death | Grodzisk Wielkopolski |
| A country | |
| Occupation | , |
| Father | |
| Children | |
Biography
Representative of the Ostrogorov clan of the coat of arms “Nalench” , son of Stanislav Ostrog He studied at the University of Erfurt and Bologna and received the degree of “ Doctor of both rights ” [1] , in 1462 he returned to Poland, where he entered the public service.
He carried out various diplomatic missions, was a senator , a chestnut Mendzyzhetsky , then a Poznan, an elder of Great Poland , a governor of Poznan [1] . He opposed the strengthening of German influence, was an adviser to the kings Casimir IV and Jan Olbracht .
Around 1477, he wrote as a message to the Sejm the program work “Memorial on the Organization of the Commonwealth” ( lat. Monumentum pro Republicae ordinatione ), in which he proposed his own project for reforming the political system of Poland. Belonging to the new, humanistically inclined generation, he believed that the king should be accountable only directly to God, and the Catholic Church should not have influence on him. Thus, the main place among the proposed reforms was held by the strengthening of royal power and the centralization of the state. Ostrog criticized the Catholic Church from positions close to Gusism , although he did not openly break with it. Catholic hierarchs, including the pope himself, were criticized for his immorality and greed. Opposing the autocracy of the church, Ostrog believed that the state could demand the reform of a church organization that was in his interests; it can not only compel the clergy to perform public duties, but also prohibit the collection of fees for services, exempt citizens from paying tithing , insist on proper education of the clergy, limit the number of members of the clergy, demand from bishops good governance of the dioceses and observation of life in monasteries . Officials should be appointed not on the basis of the nobility of their origin, but depending on personal abilities. The support of power should be a healthy and united society. Ostrog also opposed dominance in the office work of the Latin language and sermons in German. He was a supporter of rationalism, considering the mind an absolute measure, on the basis of which it is worth carrying out state transformations [1] . The entire Memorial was published only in 1831. The successor of the ideas of Ostrog is called Andrzej Fritsch-Modzhevsky [2] .
In marriage with the daughter of the Prince of Raciborz, Elena had sons Wenceslas and Stanislav.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Hawks N.V. Ostorog, Yan // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Byase D. Ostrog // Philosophical Encyclopedia. In the 5th vol. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1960-1970.
Literature
- Bobrzyński M. Jan Ostroróg Studjum z literatury politycznej XVI stulecia // Szkice i studia historyczne. - T. 2. - Kr., 1922.
- Piekarczyk St. Walka Jana Ostroroga o suwerenność władzy królewskiej // Nowe Drogi . - 1953. - No. 2.
- Voisé W. Doktryna politycznoprawna Jana Ostroroga // Państwo i Prawo. - 1954. - Zesz. 100 (6).
- Sobociński W. Memoriał Jana Ostroroga a początki reformacji w Polsce // Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce. - T. 3-4. - Warsz. 1958-1959.
- Strzelecka Α. Uwagi w sprawie daty powstania oraz genezy Monumentum Ostroroga // Prace z dziejów Polski feodalnej ofiarowane Romanowi Gródeckiemu w 70 rocznicę urodzin. - Warsz. 1960.