Rib ( Latin costa , other Greek πλευρά ) is one of the paired arcuate flat bones going from the spine to the sternum and making up the chest in vertebrates .
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 The ribs of a man. | |
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Content
Overview
A person has 12 pairs of ribs.
The rib has 3 parts:
- the back, on which there is a head (caput costae), neck (collum costae), longitudinal scallop (crista colli costae) and tubercle (tuberculum costae);
- rib body (corpus costae);
- anterior, passing into the cartilaginous part (cartilago costalis).
The body of the rib has 2 surfaces:
- external (convex);
- internal (concave).
These surfaces are bounded by two edges: the upper (rounded) and the lower (sharp).
Articulations
A head with an articular surface, the rib joins the thoracic vertebra (Th1-Th8). In I, XI and XII pairs of ribs, the articular surface of the scallop is not separated. At the junction of the neck into the rib body there is a tubercle of the rib with the articular surface for articulation with the articular surface of the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra. There is no tubercle on the XI and XII ribs, since these ribs do not articulate with the transverse processes of the last thoracic vertebrae.
The first 20 ribs are tightly interconnected, forming a ring to protect organs. Of the 20 ribs, 14 are attached precisely to the sternum, 6 others are attached to the cartilage of the ribs, are higher and false, the remaining 4 (11 and 12 pairs) are called free. The last pairs of ribs are attached only to muscle tissue. Numbering is made from above.
Some people may not have the 11th or 12th pair, while others, on the contrary, have the 13th pair of “free” edges. The lower ribs are sometimes surgically removed for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes (for example, to make the waist narrower - in women, “free” ribs are usually smaller than in men ).
Also a fairly common malformation is the cervical (cervical) rib. It is present in 0.5% of the population, and in 70-85% of cases - in women. With this congenital anomaly, one or more additional ribs emerging from the lower cervical vertebrae are detected (usually VII). The degree of development of the cervical ribs varies from rudiments, slightly protruding beyond the transverse process, to the formed bone structures that connect with the 1st rib or sternum. The reason for their occurrence is a violation of the processes of intrauterine development. In severe cases, surgical resection of the additional rib is indicated.
On the upper surface of the first rib, an almost important tubercle, tuberculum m. scaleni anterioris, serving as the site of attachment of the anterior scalene muscle, m. scalenus anterior. Behind this tubercle you can see a small furrow, sulcus a. subclaviae, in which the subclavian artery lies, bending through the I rib. In front of the tubercle is another, flatter groove for the subclavian vein, sulcus v. subclaviae.
On the inner surface of the lower edge there is a furrow in which the vessels and nerves lie.
In the ribs, as in other flat bones, an adult has a red bone marrow .
Muscle
The following muscles are attached to the ribs:
- anterior scalene muscle ;
- middle scalene muscle ;
- back scalene.
Religion
In Judaism, Christianity and Islam, it is believed that the first woman, Eve , was created by God from the rib of the first man - Adam .