German-Italian Treaty of Alliance and Friendship (date of signing - May 22, 1939 , place of signing - Berlin ; other name “Steel Pact” ; the name was intended to show the inviolability of the German alliance of Hitler and Italy Mussolini ) - an international treaty ( pact ) signed by Germany and Italy with the aim of reaffirming the validity of the provisions of the Anti-Comintern Pact and bilaterally stipulating mutual allied obligations. It contained the obligations of the parties on mutual assistance and alliance in the event of hostilities with any third country, and agreements on broad cooperation in the military and economic spheres. The Steel Pact became the starting point of the formed military-political bloc of Germany and Italy on the eve of the outbreak of World War II .
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 Galeazzo Ciano , Adolf Hitler and Joachim von Ribbentrop during the signing of the Steel Pact in the Reis Chancellery | |
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The agreement was signed by the foreign ministers: Joachim von Ribbentrop and Galeazzo Ciano .
Literature
- Belco, Victoria. War, Massacre, and Recovery in Central Italy, 1943–1948. - University of Toronto Press , 2010. - ISBN 978-0-8020-9314-1 .
- Corvaja, Santi. Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. - Enigma Books, 2013 .-- ISBN 978-0982491164 .
- Hiden, John. Germany and Europe 1919-1939. - Routledge , 2014 .-- ISBN 978-1-317-89627-2 .
- Knight, Patricia. Mussolini and Fascism. - Routledge , 2013 .-- ISBN 978-1136477508 .
- Knox, MacGregor. Hitler's Italian Allies: Royal Armed Forces, Fascist Regime, and the War of 1940–1943. - Cambridge University Press , 2002. - ISBN 978-1-139-43203-0 .
- Maltarich, William. Samurai and Supermen: National Socialist Views of Japan. - Peter Lang Publishing, 2005 .-- ISBN 978-3-03-910303-4 .
- Nicholls, David. Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion. - ABC-CLIO , 2000. - ISBN 978-0-87436-965-6 .
- Shirer, William. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. - Simon & Schuster , 1960. - ISBN 978-0-671-62420-0 .
Links
- Text of the Covenant
- Pact text
- Introduction
- The Italo-German Alliance, May 22, 1939 . United States Office of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality. Date of treatment March 12, 2015.
- The Pact of Steel - the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, May 24, 1941 . Historical Resources. Date of treatment March 12, 2015.