Rate of natural decline

The rate of natural loss ( English rates of natural loss ) is the limit value of the loss of mass or volume of transported goods or stored inventory items that occur under the influence of the external environment, due to certain physical and chemical properties of goods or goods. For such losses, the carrier , merchant or warehouse are not liable ^[1] .

The rates of natural decline depend on various factors ^[1] :

• transportation distance;
• number of cargo transshipments;
• type of container;
• season;
• type of transport;
• type of transported / stored cargo.

Norms of natural loss are developed on a scientific basis using various methods for determining natural loss and are approved in the prescribed manner. Norms of natural loss are set as a percentage of turnover and are marginal. Within the limits of natural attrition rates, losses are charged to distribution costs . Losses in excess of the norms of natural loss are attributed to materially responsible persons during the inventory . Norms of natural attrition are not applied in the presence of signs of theft , barratria and other similar illegal actions ^[1] .

In insurance and claim work, rates of natural loss can be applied to determine the insured value of goods and inventory when an insured event occurs . If the insurance conditions stipulate liability of the insurer for a shortage, then a deductible is applied or the shortage is reduced by the rate of natural loss ^[1] .

The agreement on international railway freight traffic ( SMGS ) provides for the following rates of natural loss ^[1] :

1. Bulk cargo, fresh fruits , vegetables , fresh meat and more - 2%;
2. Timber , fats , salted fish and more - 1.5%;
3. Iron ore , soap , frozen meat, smoked meat, etc. - 1%.

When transporting these and other similar goods subject to natural loss during transportation with transshipment, SMGS provides for an increase in the norms of natural loss by 0.3% per each transshipment of this shipment (provided that the transportation is carried out in bulk, in bulk or in bulk)

The highest rates of natural attrition are set for perishable goods. For example, tariff guide 4-M establishes the following rates of natural loss for flour transported by water in bulk and in containers, depending on the distance of carriage:

0.1% (up to 1000 km);

0.15% (1000-2000 km);

0.2% (over 2000 km).