Naumov, Leonid Anatolyevich (historian)

Leonid Naumov was born on December 20, 1961 in Moscow . One of his grandfathers, Naum Naumov, was a military intelligence officer, in 1933-1936 he worked in Berlin "under the roof" of the Soviet trade mission , was engaged in the latest weapons of Germany. In October 1937 he was arrested, in March 1938 - shot. His second grandfather, Joseph Yakhnis, was a military pilot, participated in the liberation of Belarus , and ended the war with the rank of colonel ^{[1] [2] [3]} .

In 1984, Naumov graduated from the History Department of Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. V.I. Lenin (since 1990 - MPGU ). In 1984-1986, Naumov served in the Strategic Missile Forces in Belarus and Altai . Upon returning from service, he worked at school. From school years until the end of the 1980s, Naumov and Yevgeny Markelov participated in and led various underground movements of the left wing (" Che Guevara Detachment", the group "Forest People") ^[4] . From 1990 to 2018, Naumov worked in the gymnasium No. 1505, from 2001 - as a director. Since January 2019 in the publishing house "Enlightenment".

In 1997, Naumov defended his Ph.D. thesis on history on the topic “Domestic historiography of D. I. Pisarev ” ^[5] , is an honored teacher of the Russian Federation , awarded the badge “Honorary Worker of General and Special Education of the Russian Federation”, and the medal “In Memory of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow” .

Married, two children. He is fond of faleristics .

Naumov presented his views on the history of repression in a number of books: “The struggle in the leadership of the NKVD 1936-1938.”, “ Stalin and the NKVD” and others. Most of his work is devoted to the struggle at the top of the NKVD, he identifies a number of KGB “clans” and through their struggle he tries to explain the course of the repressions. He considers himself a revisionist historian:

A few years ago I made a strange discovery for myself: in a sense, I am a “revisionist”. I turned out to be a "revisionist" completely unexpectedly for myself. He simply posed the question: what should be preferred - the analysis of words or deeds? That is, one should use the actions of people in 1937-1938. as evidence of their words, or vice versa, look in words for an explanation of the meaning of actions. The argument is not scholastic, as it might seem at first glance. We are talking about the interpretation of statistical material - "numbers" ^[6] .

Reasons for Repression

Naumov suggests that the repression was caused by a whole range of factors. In his opinion, it is necessary to conditionally divide the processes that took place in 1937-1938. into two types. He calls the first “big purge”, which was directed against the nomenclature, the second - “big terror”, which was directed against the widest sections of the population. According to the researcher, these were two different, albeit overlapping processes that could have different reasons, goals and were carried out differently. Victims of the “Great Terror” were repressed through various extrajudicial bodies - “ triples ”, “twos”, etc., and “large purges” - through the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court , often their names were on the “execution lists” ^[7] . According to Naumov, the “Big Purge” began with the goal of exterminating the opponents of Stalin and, in fact, later developed into a “all against all” struggle. The aggravation of the political conflict within the country's leadership led to an attempt to apply emergency measures ^[8] . In the logic of mass operations (in the terms of Naumov - “great terror”) and purges, Naumov sees the motives of social engineering. According to the researcher, the “Kulak operation” by order of the NKVD No. 00447 was necessary for the final destruction of social groups that cannot accept socialist transformations, national operations were clearly caused by fear of the “ fifth column ”, and the purge acts as an instrument for eliminating the “pest with party card in your pocket ” ^[9] .

Stalin's role in repression

According to Naumov, “Stalin was largely dependent on the balance of power at the top and was himself in the grip of fear of potential or real conspiracies” ^[10] . Naumov believes that in the context of the political conflict at the top, Stalin lost control of the NKVD for some time. In his works, the researcher, using statistical material, tries to prove that in different regions of the USSR repressions went differently. He analyzes the course of the “Great Terror” and the “Great Purge” in the regions and shows that in reality a lot depended on the specifics of the region itself and its leadership. In his opinion, the fact that in some areas the initial limits of order No. 00447 were exceeded ten times, and in some remained initial, indicates a loss of control over the NKVD. The researcher notes that in terms of that time, the loss of control was clearly interpreted as a conspiracy in itself. At the same time, Naumov quite admits that senior NKVD officers could plan the removal of Stalin ^[11] .

Monographs

• Naumov L. A. Domestic historiography of D. I. Pisarev. M., 1997.
• Naumov L.A. The struggle in the leadership of the NKVD 1936-1938. M., 2006;
• Naumov L.A. Stalin and the NKVD. M .: Eksmo , 2007 ( copyright text in the “.doc” format );
• Naumov L. A. "Bloody dwarf" against the Leader of the peoples. The plot of Yezhov. M .: Eksmo , 2009 ^[12] ;
• Naumov L.A. Stalin and the NKVD. ^[13] M .: New Chronograph, 2010;
• Naumov L.A. Mithridates wars: thoughts of an amateur. M .: Magic Lantern, 2010. ISBN 978-5-903505-38-8
• Naumov L.A. Stalin and the NKVD ^[14] . M .: Algorithm, 2012.

Articles

• Articles in the Encyclopedia for Children of Avanta + Publishing House, Volume 1, World History: The Byzantine Empire, Constantine the Great. The adoption of Christianity "," Justinian I ";
• Naumov L.A .. "Tell this fox ..." ^[15] Alpha and Omega No. 1..2009
• Naumov L.A. New standards of high school: "move" or "still have time"? New Education Standards. No. 2, 2013
• Naumov L.A. Once again about the "profile" or "in-depth" level of education ^[16] . Teacher’s newspaper No. 31 of August 5, 2014
• Naumov L.A. Seven steps towards GEF. ^[17] Teacher's newspaper No. 31 of August 2, 2016
• Naumov L.A. Competition or conference, or How to diagnose the results of research activities. ^[18] Teacher’s Newspaper, No. 35 dated August 30, 2016
• Naumov L.A. Improvisation of the leader ^[19] . Historian. Issue No. 34 October 2017
• Naumov L.A. School yesterday and today: a view of the historian. ^[20] Arguments and facts of 08.23.2018.
• Naumov L.A. What I learned at the Moscow school ^[21] . “Teacher's Newspaper”, No. 03 of January 15, 2019

• Personal page of L. Naumov on the website of the Gymnasium No. 1505
• Maria Agranovich. Leonid Naumov: I want to become unnecessary (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Lead Education (August 31, 2017). Date of treatment September 5, 2017. Archived on September 5, 2017.

Video

Naumov L.A. Seven steps towards GEF ^[1]

Naumov L.A. Seven Steps Towards GEF Part 2 ^[2]

Naumov L.A. Interview with the director of the gymnasium No. 1505 ^[3]

1. ↑ City methodological center. 7 steps towards GEF. Leonid Naumov (neopr.) (March 15, 2017). Date of treatment April 6, 2019.
2. ↑ City methodological center. 7 steps towards GEF. Leonid Naumov. Part 2 (unopened) (April 13, 2017). Date of treatment April 12, 2019.
3. ↑ City methodological center. Interview with the director of gymnasium No. 1505 Leonid Naumov (neopr.) (January 24, 2017). Date of treatment April 12, 2019.