Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer ( OSIRIS-REx ) is an American interplanetary station designed to deliver soil samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu . This mission was selected on a competitive basis as part of NASA's New Frontiers program. OSIRIS-REx is the third mission in the framework of this program; in the final, it defeated the MoonRise missions for the delivery of matter from the South Pole Basin - Aitken on the Moon andSAGE Surface and Atmosphere Geochemical Explorer) - a landing device for studying the surface of Venus [2] . The launch of the station took place on September 8, 2016 [1] [3] . Asteroid achievement and soil sampling will take place in 2019 , and return to Earth in 2023 . The cost of the mission is estimated at $ 800 million [4] without the cost of the launch vehicle , which is expected to cost about $ 200 million [5] . The name OSIRIS-REx, being an acronym , also refers to the ancient Egyptian god Osiris [6] (and Benn , the symbol of his rebirth).
| OSIRIS-REx | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Customer |  NASA |
| Manufacturer | Lockheed Martin Space Systems |
| Operator | |
| Tasks | soil sampling with (101955) Bennu |
| Launch pad | Canaveral , SLC-41 |
| Launch vehicle | Atlas V (version 411) |
| Launch | September 8, 2016, 23:05 UTC [1] |
| Entry into orbit | September 8, 2016 |
| Flight duration | 7 years |
| NSSDC ID | 2016-055A |
| SCN | 41757 |
| Cost | 800 million dollars |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 880 kg dry 2 110 kg (with fuel) |
| Dimensions | 6.2 m (for solar panels) or 2.43 mx 2.43 mx 3.15 m |
| Power | from 1,226 to 3,000 watts |
| Power supplies | Two solar panels |
| Landing on a celestial body | 2019 year |
| Return to Earth | 2023 year |
| Mission logo | |
 | |
| Project site | |
Content
Flight Description
| Today is 1071 days from 1392 days of flight to an asteroid. Soil sampling from the surface is expected in 10 months 16 days. Out of the way: 76.9% completed | ||
After the launch, which took place on September 8, 2016 at 23:05 UTC [1] using the Atlas V booster rocket, the spacecraft will fly for two years to the asteroid 1999 RQ36 . After reaching the target, the spacecraft will enter a low orbit with a height of only three miles (4.8 kilometers) above the surface of the asteroid and will map its surface for 505 days [7] .
The mapping results will be used by the mission team to select a sampling site for the asteroid substance. For sampling, it is assumed that not landing on an asteroid, but sampling using a long manipulator, vaguely reminiscent of a pogo-stick [8] .
The choice of this asteroid is due, on the one hand, to the fact that it is quite close to the Earth (since it belongs to the Apollo group), and on the other hand, it belongs to class B , which will make it possible to obtain carbonaceous matter that has remained on this asteroid since the time of its formation solar system [7] .
After taking the regolith, the sample will be placed in a capsule similar to that used in the Stardust spacecraft and sent to Earth. Landing is planned in Utah [7] .
On February 11, 2017, the asteroid (12) Victoria [9] was photographed with the MapCam camera of the OSIRIS-REx probe.
From August 17 to October 1, 2018, the PolyCam camera took twenty 4-second images as the distance to the Bennu asteroid decreases from 2.2 million km [10] to 192 thousand km [11] .
On December 3, 2018, the device arrived at the asteroid Bennu and entered a circular orbit around the asteroid [12] .
Scientific equipment
OCAMS
The camera unit ( OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite , OCAMS) consists of three cameras [13] [14] :
- PolyCam, designed for long-distance shooting, as well as for detailed shooting of the surface of an asteroid with a closer approximation.
- MapCam, which will capture the surface of an asteroid in four spectral ranges. Her data will be used to build a three-dimensional model of the asteroid. She will also shoot the selected high-resolution sampling area.
- SamCam, which will continuously capture the sampling process.
OLA
OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter (OLA) is a block of laser rangefinders [15] , with which OSIRIS-REx will build a topographic plan of the surface of the asteroid, take the profile of those places where it is supposed to take regolith samples. Also, the data obtained from the block of lidars will be used to solve navigation problems and when building a map of the gravitational field of the asteroid.
OVIRS
OSIRIS-REx Visible and IR Spectrometer (OVIRS) - a spectrometer that will be used to build a map of the location of inorganic and organic substances on the surface of the asteroid. A map of the entire surface of the asteroid will have a resolution of about twenty meters, and a map of the areas from which samples will be taken will be from 0.8 to 2 meters. [sixteen]
OTES
OSIRIS-REx Thermal Emission Spectrometer (OTES) - a spectrometer operating in the far infrared region of the spectrum (4-50 microns). The main task of this device will be to build a map of temperatures and mineral composition of the surface of the asteroid, as well as to create a detailed map of the location of various minerals at the sampling site. [17]
REXIS
The Regolith X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) is an X-ray spectrometer designed to remotely study the composition of regolith on the surface of an asteroid. REXIS is an encoding mask X-ray telescope operating in the soft X-ray range (0.3–7.5 KeV). The operation of the device is based on the fact that the absorbed x-rays emitted by the sun fall on the surface of the asteroid and are partially re-emitted. The device picks up this radiation and determines by the wavelength what substance is under the device. As a result of the operation of the device, a map of the chemical composition of the surface with a resolution of up to 4 meters will be built. [18]
TAGSAM
Touch-And-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM) - a system of sampling regolith from the surface of an asteroid. It consists of, in fact, a sampling unit and a folding manipulator 3.35 m long, which will allow the sampler to be installed on the surface of the asteroid without landing the entire apparatus on the surface of the asteroid . To facilitate the sampling process, regolith will be transported into the trap using compressed nitrogen , which is stored on a satellite. The entire process will be documented by one of the three onboard cameras. At the end of the fence, all collected material will be transferred to the returned apparatus and sent to Earth. It is planned that the weight of the samples will be from 60 grams to two kilograms. [nineteen]
Gallery
Start September 8, 2016
Illustration of the collection of samples from the asteroid 1999 RQ36
A return capsule for Stardust spacecraft samples after landing
See also
- List of first landings on celestial bodies
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 OSIRIS-REx successfully launched to asteroid Bennu
- ↑ NASA selects three finalists for a future space science mission to Venus, an asteroid, or the Moon . NASA Archived on September 6, 2012.
- ↑ NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft is now on its way to asteroid Bennu | The verge
- ↑ NASA will launch a new scientific mission to the asteroid in 2016 . NASA Archived March 25, 2012.
- ↑ NASA Aims to Grab Asteroid Dust in 2020 (May 26, 2011). Archived on October 8, 2012.
- ↑ NASAcronyms: How OSIRIS-REx Got Its Name
- ↑ 1 2 3 NASA To Launch New Science Mission To Asteroid In 2016 . NASA Archived on May 24, 2012.
- ↑ UA gets $ 1.2M to aid in asteroid mission (May 26, 2011). Archived on October 11, 2014.
- ↑ OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Search Tests Instruments, Science Team , March 24, 2017
- ↑ OSIRIS-REx took the first pictures of the asteroid Bennu
- ↑ Bennu Brightening as OSIRIS-REx Approaches
- ↑ Alexander Voytyuk. OSIRIS-REx arrived at the asteroid Bennu . nplus1.ru. Date of treatment February 10, 2019.
- ↑ OCAMS
- ↑ The Instruments of OSIRIS-REx . The University of Arizona. Date of treatment October 4, 2012. Archived January 22, 2013.
- ↑ OLA
- ↑ OVIRS
- ↑ OTES
- ↑ REXIS
- ↑ TAGSAM
Links
- OSIRIS-REx website by NASA
- OSIRIS-REx website by the University of Arizona