2A51 - 120-mm howitzer gun - mortar . It was developed in the design bureau of Plant No. 172 under the scientific supervision of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering .
| 2A51 | |
|---|---|
| Type of | howitzer gun - mortar |
| A country |  |
| Service History | |
| Years of operation | since 1974 |
| In service |      |
| Production history | |
| Constructor | Plant number 172 TSNIITOCHMASH |
| Designed by | from 1974 to 1979 |
| Manufacturer | Plant number 172 |
| Years of production | since 1974 |
| Options | 2A51, 2A60 , 2A80 |
| Characteristics | |
| Weight kg | 530 |
| Barrel length mm | 3000 |
| Caliber mm | 120 |
| Work principles | semi-automatic |
| Gate | combined vertical wedge |
| Recoil device | spindle moderator Rollback Brake Pneumatic knurling |
| Elevation angle | -4 .. + 80 |
| Rate of fire rounds / min | 4..8 |
| Sighting range , m | 40..8800 |
| Maximum range, m | 12 800 |
| Type of ammunition | semi-automatic |
Content
- 1 History of creation
- 2 Design Description
- 2.1 Applicable Shots
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
Creation History
In the 1950s and 1960s , work began on the creation of a new type of universal guns in the Soviet Union . The guns had to carry out a different list of tasks, for this they had to combine the properties of guns , howitzers and mortars . First of all, such a class of guns was necessary in the airborne troops , especially since the self-propelled guns ASU-57 and ASU-85 , which were then in service, were primarily anti-tank weapons and did not meet modern combat requirements. Towed artillery also could not fully satisfy the needs of the paratroopers, since it did not provide the necessary level of protection of calculations from enemy fire, as well as a quick change of firing position [1] .
Initially, they tried to solve the problem of equipping the Airborne Forces with new artillery using classical solutions by installing a 122 mm 2A32 howitzer and a 120 mm mortar on a modified BMD-1 chassis. However, after the failure to develop the 2C2 Violet self-propelled howitzer and the Lily of the valley self-propelled mortar , it became clear that a 120-mm artillery system was needed in the airborne forces combining the properties of a mortar and howitzer gun . In this connection, in 1969, the USSR arms and equipment development program was adopted. As part of the program, research work is carried out under the code “Dome-2”, the purpose of which is to clarify the feasibility of using a 120-mm self-propelled artillery as part of the airborne forces . In the period from 1972 to 1975, TsNIItochmash holdsResearch work with the code " Gun-shot ." The work was supervised by A. G. Novozhilov [1] .
The prototype of the new 120-mm gun (the internal designation D-64) for installation in the chassis of the 2C2 Violet self-propelled howitzer was developed at OKB-9 under the guidance of V. Golubev. [2] However, after the change of leadership, OKB-9 refused to cooperate and develop a new tool, so the design bureau of the Plant No. 172, under the leadership of Yu.N. Kalachnikov, was engaged in the final version of the tool. The gun was a new artillery system with a unique ballistic solution " Gun-shot ", achieved through ready-made rifling on the leading belt of used ammunition. The development of ammunition for the new artillery system was conducted by the Basalt State Research and Production Enterprise . In 1979, the 2A51 gun was adopted by the Soviet Army as part of the 2S9 Nona-S self-propelled artillery gun [1] .
Design Description
The main nodes of the 2A51 gun are [3] :
- Trunk;
- Shutter ;
- Pneumatic equipment;
- Electrical equipment ;
- Knurl ;
- Rollback brake ;
- Cradle ;
- Fencing;
- Lifting gear .
The barrel of the gun is a pipe connected to the breech by a sleeve. In the breech there is a vertical wedge bolt with a shutter frame on which a plastic shutter of powder gases is fixed. The frame is rigidly connected to a pneumatic cylinder, which drives it with compressed air. The main function of the frame is to send shots into the chamber . A shot from the gun can be carried out both manually and by electric release. Semi-automatic shutter is designed to open the shutter when rolling after firing guns. For the first loading on the right on the breech is a handle for manually opening the wedge. The cradle is welded, in the cylindrical part there are places for fastening the rods of recoil devices, electric air valves and the sector of the lifting mechanism. At the rear of the cradle, a fence is bolted. The design of the fence is welded from aluminum-magnesium alloy. On the fence installed elements of the trigger mechanism, a ruler for measuring the length of the rollback, as well as a trigger locking mechanism. Anti-recoil devices consist of a hydraulic brake of the spindle-type recoil, the rod of which is fixed in the cradle, and the cylinder in the breech of the gun, and of a pneumatic natalnik located in the bore of the breech . To comply with the established firing mode, the gun is equipped with electrical equipment signaling overheating of the barrel, as well as locking mechanisms. To prevent gas contamination of the fighting compartment, the 2A51 gun is equipped with a pneumatic system for forcing the barrel [3] .
Shots Used
| Table TTX shots used by the gun 2A51 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] | ||||||
| Index | Type of ammunition | Projectile weight, kg | Range, km | Area of defeat of manpower, m² | Area of defeat of equipment, m² | Penetration , mm |
| Shots of the Nona gun family | ||||||
| 3BO32 | cassette with KOBE | 23.3 | 0.2-8.0 | 2800 | - | one hundred |
| 3BOF54 | OFS | 19.8 | 1.1-8.8 | 2200 | 2100 | - |
| 3BOF54-1 | OFS | 19.8 | 1.1-8.8 | 4400–6600 | 2100 | - |
| 3BOF55 | PF ARS | 19.8 | 0.7-12.8 | 1800 | 1700 | - |
| 3BOF55-1 | PF ARS | 19.8 | 0.7-12.8 | 3600-5400 | 3400-5100 | - |
| 3VBK14 | cumulative | 13.1 | 0.04-1.0 | - | - | 600 |
| 3BOF119 | thermobaric | 20.1 | 1.1-8.8 | |||
| Guided shells and mines | ||||||
| 3BOF112 | OFS | 25 | 9-12 | |||
| KM-8 "Edge" | OFM | 27 | 1,5-9 | |||
| Artillery mines | ||||||
| 3BOF79 | OFM | 16 | 0.45-7.1 | 1500 | 200 | - |
| 53-VOF-843B | OFM | 16 | 0.45-7.1 | 1500 | 200 | - |
| 3BOF68 | OFM | 16.1 | 0.45-7.1 | 2250 | 1200 | - |
| 3BOF53 | OFM | 16.1 | 0.45-5.7 | 2250 | 1200 | - |
| 3BOF69 | OFM | 16.1 | 7.0 | 1700 | 700 | - |
| 3BOF57 | OFM | 16.1 | 0.45-5.6 | 1700 | 700 | - |
| 3B34 | incendiary mine | 16.3 | 0.45-5.7 | - | - | - |
| 3BC24 | lighting mine | 16.3 | 1,0-5,4 | - | - | - |
| 53-vd-543 | smoke mine | 16.6 | 1,0-5,7 | - | - | - |
| 3VD17 | smoke smoking mine | 16.1 | 6.8 | - | - | - |
| 3VD16 | smoke smoking mine | 16.1 | 1,0-5,4 | - | - | - |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Armor of the winged infantry (Russian) // Equipment and weapons: magazine. - Moscow, 2007, 2008. - No. 12, No. 1, 2 .
- ↑ About the plant - Outstanding people of the plant . Artillery Plant No. 9. Date of treatment December 1, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 120-mm gun 2A51. Technical description, pages 4, 5
- ↑ The GRAN guided weapon system for 120 mm mortars . KBP. Date of treatment September 4, 2011.
- ↑ Armored Infantry Armor: Self-propelled artillery gun Nona-S . Desantura.ru . Date of treatment September 4, 2011. Archived on January 28, 2012.
- ↑ A.V. Karpenko. Weapons of Russia. Modern Self-propelled Artillery, page 48
- ↑ N.M. Dimidyuk. 120-mm self-propelled automated gun "Vienna" // Military parade. - M. , 2005. - No. 3 .
- ↑ Temporary firing tables for lowland and mountain conditions of a 120-mm 2S9 self-propelled artillery
Literature
- Armor of the winged infantry (Rus.) // Technique and armament: magazine. - Moscow, 2007, 2008. - No. 12, No. 1, 2 .
- 2A51 TO. 120 mm gun 2A51. Technical description and instruction manual. - Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1986. - 105 p.
- PTS RG No. 097. Temporary firing tables for lowland and mountainous conditions of a 120 mm 2S9 self-propelled artillery gun. - Second edition, stereotyped. - Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1989. - 368 p.