Turkestan uprising of sappers of 1912

The Turkestan uprising of the sappers of 1912 took place in military camps near Tashkent in the village of Troitsky on July 1 ( 14 ), 1912 .

Content

Event

A description of the events is given in accordance with their presentation given in the newspaper " New time " in 1912.

Background to the Rebellion

Sappers of the 1st and 2nd Turkestan battalions. July 14, 1912. Trinity camps near Tashkent

In the village of Troitsky ^[1] , which was located 30 versts ^[2] north of Tashkent, there were summer so-called Troitsky camps ^[3] , where all troops stationed in Tashkent, including the 1st Turkestan combat engineer, constantly stationed in Tashkent battalion, annually went out to maneuver. Some military units from other garrisons of Turkestan arrived here annually, so in the summer of 1912, the 2nd Turkestan combat engineer battalion, constantly stationed in the city of Merv , was in these camps.

From the village of Troitsky, military camps could only be reached through a bridge, thrown over the deep, fast and wide Zakh-aryk , constantly guarded by a military guard of artillerymen, whose duties were to prevent lower ranks from the village without written permission from the authorities. Through Zakh-aryk, in addition to the bridge near the village of Troitsky, there was another bridge in the sapper camp itself, guarded by guards from the sapper battalion. Behind the bridge there was a large village Niyazbek , in which various dark personalities were engaged in the tavern sale of the lower ranks of vodka and contained establishments of cheap debauchery. The watch sappers strictly fulfilled their duties in relation to the soldiers of the foreign parts, but often violated the duty of service in relation to "their" - sappers. As a result of this, Niyazbek was overwhelmed almost every night by sappers. Here they were beyond any supervision of the authorities. This was used by the Turkestan "revolutionary agitators" ^[4] , who successfully conducted revolutionary propaganda among the sappers both in Niyazbek and in the village of Troitsky, inviting sappers to the village. A few weeks before the riot in the camps, it was intensely rumored that among the sappers it was "unsatisfactory." It was reported that in the steppe, about three miles from the camps, several revolutionary gatherings in which the lower ranks took part. The tossing up of proclamations markedly increased; there were several cases of demonstrative disobedience of individual sappers. One of the companies protested against allegedly badly prepared food.

Rebellion

On July 1, at about nine o’clock in the evening, a crowd of lower ranks of the 1st Turkestan combat engineer battalion with a wild cry of “Hurray”, with live shots and an orchestra of music from music students, to the sounds of the march “Hello to the Motherland”, rushed to the nearby 2nd Turkestan engineer battalion. Apparently, the first goal of the crowd was to seize the banners and money boxes at the front guard, but the guard, who was not taken aback, from the 3rd company of the 2nd Turkestan combat engineer battalion repelled the rebels with fire, and the sentry managed to fire 6 shots. The guard was strengthened, and military shrines were not given to the rebels. The crowd surrendered.

At this time, the headquarters captain Pokhvisnev and second lieutenant Shadsky jumped out of the assembly of the 1st Turkestan engineer battalion and rushed to their companies (2nd and 3rd 1st Turkestan engineer battalion) with shouts: “What are you doing, scoundrels?” Second Lieutenant Shadsky, with a saber in his hands protecting the gun pyramid, was riddled with bayonets (about 10 wounds), but still alive. Headquarters Captain Pokhvisnev, stopping the crowd from madness, was stabbed, shot, disfigured and robbed! A crowd of rioters-sapper of the 1st battalion, having finished with two officers and having failed at the front guard, rushed at once in several directions to the 2nd Turkestan sapper battalion, and shouts were heard: "Comrades, join us!"

Hearing this, the officers of the 2nd Turkestan engineer battalion rushed to their companies and teams, and the commander of the 2nd engineer company captain Zhiltsov with the junior officers, grouping 25-30 people of his company and part of the rest of the companies around him in the darkness, opened fire on the advancing crowd of rebels. Almost simultaneously with the 2nd company, all other company commanders and junior officers with lower ranks ran out and joined the 2nd company. Colonel Tabare, who was present here, of the 2nd battalion, gathered a reserve and distributed ammunition. There was open fire on the rioters. At the first moment of confusion, a junior officer of the 1st sapper company of the 2nd Turkestan sapper battalion, Second Lieutenant Krasovsky, who ran out with his brother a cadet and the son of Lieutenant Colonel Tabare, also a cadet (both of the Tashkent corps ), was mortally wounded in the line of his company.

Second lieutenant Koschenets Pyotr Petrovich rushed into the third company of the 2nd battalion and, seeing people grabbing weapons from the pyramids and breaking boxes with alarming live ammunition, he snatched out a revolver and shouted: “What are you doing, brothers, dare not touch rifles and cartridges!” At the same moment, sergeant servant Filonenko also ran into the company and, standing next to his young boss, ordered: “Get in a gun! build on a line to protect against rioters! ”

In response, a deafening volley struck, Filonenko fell dead. The koschenets was seriously wounded in the abdomen completely, a bullet entered the right abdominal cavity, pierced the liver, kidney and left on the left side of the lower back. Later, on July 2, Lieutenant Koschenets P. P. died ^[5] .

End of the Rebellion

Due to the firmness and courage of the officers of the engineer battalions and lower ranks, who remained faithful to the oath, the riot of military sappers was suppressed on the same day. July 3, the funeral of officers who died during the uprising ^[6] .

Later, the trial of the instigators of the uprising took place. The officers who distinguished themselves in the suppression of rebellion were awarded for their courage. In particular, sixth-grade cadets Vitold Krasovsky and Boris Avdeev were awarded silver medals on the St. George ribbon with the inscription “for courage” for their courage and selfless actions during the armed uprising of sappers and lower ranks on July 1, 1912, in a camp near the village of Troitsky. The laying on of medals was carried out personally by the commander of the troops, General Samsonov ^[7] .

Evaluation of the uprising in Soviet and post-Soviet times

Soviet historians evaluated this speech as an uprising of soldiers of the sapper battalions of the Turkestan military district against the tsarist autocracy, a manifestation of a new revolutionary upsurge in Russia. The uprising was prepared by members of the Tashkent Inter-Party Military Organization, which existed in a number of garrison districts, which included the Social Democrats and Social Revolutionaries. Due to the fact that the command became aware of the preparations for the uprising, most members of the organization felt it necessary to expedite the speech. After the clashes of the rebels (7 companies of the 1st and 2nd combat engineer battalions) with the officers, they went to the camp of the rifle brigade, hoping for support of their performance, but were met by the fire of the machine gun team, and then cordoned off by soldiers of the rifle regiments and hundreds of 5 Orenburg Cossack Regiment. The battle lasted until the morning of July 2 (15) and ended when, after spending ammunition, the rebels ceased resistance. All participants in this speech were put on trial, according to which 14 people were hanged in the Tashkent fortress, and 220 people were sentenced to hard labor and sent to disciplinary companies.

In 1962, in the center of Chirchik , behind the Palace of Culture of the Chirchik Chemical Combine, in fact, at the very place where these events took place 50 years before, a monument was set up to the insurgents. In 1992, after Uzbekistan gained independence, the monument to the insurgents was dismantled.

Notes

↑ Currently, the territory of the former village of Troitsky is part of the city of Chirchik .
↑ That is, at a distance of 32.1 km from Tashkent.
↑ Trinity camps stretched for many miles along the deep, fast and wide Zakh-aryk , on the other side of which there were several Sartovsky villages and vegetable gardens belonging to the residents of the village of Troitsky. Immediately behind the bridge there was an artillery camp, Cossacks were located behind it, then the shooter camps followed the right line, and then sappers stood at a distance of one and a half to two miles. On the other side of the sapper camp, also at a distance of about a mile and a half, there was a fortress artillery camp.
↑ After the forced resignation in 1906 in connection with allegations of liberalism of the Turkestan Governor-General, Lieutenant-General Subbotich , the headquarters of underground revolutionary organizations was moved from Tashkent to its vicinity - to the village of Troitskoye.
↑ At first, as if the position of the patient did not portend a bloody end. The commander of the 3rd company, who visited the wounded man in the rig at 11 p.m., found him in relatively good condition. The dressing was done by the doctor, the patient was in memory, did not complain of pain. At one o’clock in the morning, Koschenets was taken to the camp infirmary. In the infirmary the next day, July 2, at 2 o’clock, Koschenets lost consciousness and, without regaining consciousness, at 4½ in the afternoon went to eternity. According to the batman who was with the wounded officer, Koschenets crossed himself before his death.
↑ The next day, July 3, at 5 pm, a sad motorcade moved from the camp to Tashkent. 5 coffins were brought on 5 carriages - 3 with the remains of officers and 2 with lower ranks. He spent the entire camp for 5 versts, and then to Tashkent, the 25th century, 3 companies — two combat engineers and one rifle, as well as half of the camp’s officers. They arrived in Tashkent in the morning. At the beginning of the eighth hour of the morning the streets were crowded with the public, who wished to pay off their last debt. Five carriages, with general silence and accompanied by military units, proceeded to the Military Cathedral, crowded with people; all the clergy of Tashkent were present at the funeral service. At the proclamation of eternal memory, with a bell ringing and the sad sounds of a military band, they moved to the cemetery; in front of the procession were lower ranks with 30 wreaths; when the coffins were removed from the Military Cathedral, the audience showered them with flowers.
↑ “In the Tashkent Cadet Corps, a rare triumph of laying silver medals on the St. George ribbon with the inscription“ for courage ”on the sixth grade cadets Vitold Krasovsky and Boris Avdeev took place. Awards The highest awards were given to young heroes. The celebration was attended by senior military officials, many officers and parents. In the evening, on the occasion of a rare celebration, a ball was held in the building.
The courage and selfless actions of the cadets, awarded the St. George medals, were as follows. Cadet Krasovsky, at the first shots, ran to the place of rebellion and immediately received from the company commander, seriously wounded by the rioters, who was bleeding from the second lieutenant Koschenets in order to take him to the gulf. Soon Koschenets lost consciousness, and Cadet Krasovsky, despite the shots and cries of the rebels that came after him: “The cadet is leading an officer, beat them!” - he brought the wounded man in a pound and handed him over to the doctor, and again he rushed under the shots to help his brother- an officer who at that time was already mortally wounded. Cadet Avdeev followed his stepfather to the camp, and on the road, hearing the shutter click and seeing that one of the rebels was aiming at Lieutenant Colonel Tabare, shouting: “Dad, at you!” Warned the latter and gave him the opportunity to rush at the rebel. When the lower ranks of the 2nd company of the 2nd Turkestan combat engineer battalion, which remained faithful to the oath, under the command of the captain, now lieutenant colonel, Zhiltsov, opened fire on the rebels and themselves were subjected to murderous fire, then the colonels of Zhiltsov, Tabare and the cadet who were at the second company Avdeev reassured the lower ranks, so the latter remained in place and fulfilled their duty to the end. "Cadet Avdeev, despite the obvious danger and persuasion, remained under fire with his stepfather, Lt. Col. Tabare, until the riot was completely suppressed."

Links

“The Book of Russian Sorrow.” Turkestan uprising of sappers (1912) ”// Edition of the Russian People’s Union named after Mikhail the Archangel. Volume XIV. SPb., 1914.
Literary and artistic almanac “Letters about Tashkent”: “Turkestan uprising of sappers, 1912”
Soviet historical encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ed. E. M. Zhukova. 1973-1982 / "Turkestan uprising of sappers"
From the Book of Russian Sorrow. Turkestan uprising of sappers (1912) / Russian Turkestan. History, People, Morals

[1] Currently, the territory of the former village of Troitsky is part of the city of Chirchik .

[2] That is, at a distance of 32.1 km from Tashkent.

[3] Trinity camps stretched for many miles along the deep, fast and wide Zakh-aryk , on the other side of which there were several Sartovsky villages and vegetable gardens belonging to the residents of the village of Troitsky. Immediately behind the bridge there was an artillery camp, Cossacks were located behind it, then the shooter camps followed the right line, and then sappers stood at a distance of one and a half to two miles. On the other side of the sapper camp, also at a distance of about a mile and a half, there was a fortress artillery camp.

[4] After the forced resignation in 1906 in connection with allegations of liberalism of the Turkestan Governor-General, Lieutenant-General Subbotich , the headquarters of underground revolutionary organizations was moved from Tashkent to its vicinity - to the village of Troitskoye.

[5] At first, as if the position of the patient did not portend a bloody end. The commander of the 3rd company, who visited the wounded man in the rig at 11 p.m., found him in relatively good condition. The dressing was done by the doctor, the patient was in memory, did not complain of pain. At one o’clock in the morning, Koschenets was taken to the camp infirmary. In the infirmary the next day, July 2, at 2 o’clock, Koschenets lost consciousness and, without regaining consciousness, at 4½ in the afternoon went to eternity. According to the batman who was with the wounded officer, Koschenets crossed himself before his death.

[6] The next day, July 3, at 5 pm, a sad motorcade moved from the camp to Tashkent. 5 coffins were brought on 5 carriages - 3 with the remains of officers and 2 with lower ranks. He spent the entire camp for 5 versts, and then to Tashkent, the 25th century, 3 companies — two combat engineers and one rifle, as well as half of the camp’s officers. They arrived in Tashkent in the morning. At the beginning of the eighth hour of the morning the streets were crowded with the public, who wished to pay off their last debt. Five carriages, with general silence and accompanied by military units, proceeded to the Military Cathedral, crowded with people; all the clergy of Tashkent were present at the funeral service. At the proclamation of eternal memory, with a bell ringing and the sad sounds of a military band, they moved to the cemetery; in front of the procession were lower ranks with 30 wreaths; when the coffins were removed from the Military Cathedral, the audience showered them with flowers.

[7] “In the Tashkent Cadet Corps, a rare triumph of laying silver medals on the St. George ribbon with the inscription“ for courage ”on the sixth grade cadets Vitold Krasovsky and Boris Avdeev took place. Awards The highest awards were given to young heroes. The celebration was attended by senior military officials, many officers and parents. In the evening, on the occasion of a rare celebration, a ball was held in the building.
The courage and selfless actions of the cadets, awarded the St. George medals, were as follows. Cadet Krasovsky, at the first shots, ran to the place of rebellion and immediately received from the company commander, seriously wounded by the rioters, who was bleeding from the second lieutenant Koschenets in order to take him to the gulf. Soon Koschenets lost consciousness, and Cadet Krasovsky, despite the shots and cries of the rebels that came after him: “The cadet is leading an officer, beat them!” - he brought the wounded man in a pound and handed him over to the doctor, and again he rushed under the shots to help his brother- an officer who at that time was already mortally wounded. Cadet Avdeev followed his stepfather to the camp, and on the road, hearing the shutter click and seeing that one of the rebels was aiming at Lieutenant Colonel Tabare, shouting: “Dad, at you!” Warned the latter and gave him the opportunity to rush at the rebel. When the lower ranks of the 2nd company of the 2nd Turkestan combat engineer battalion, which remained faithful to the oath, under the command of the captain, now lieutenant colonel, Zhiltsov, opened fire on the rebels and themselves were subjected to murderous fire, then the colonels of Zhiltsov, Tabare and the cadet who were at the second company Avdeev reassured the lower ranks, so the latter remained in place and fulfilled their duty to the end. "Cadet Avdeev, despite the obvious danger and persuasion, remained under fire with his stepfather, Lt. Col. Tabare, until the riot was completely suppressed."