Dust - small solid particles of organic or mineral origin. Particles of smaller diameter from fractions of a micron to a maximum of 0.1 mm are referred to dust. Larger particles translate the material into a discharge of sand , which has sizes from 0.1 to 5 mm.
As a rule, dust rising in the air is charged positively.
Inhaling even non-toxic dust in an excessively large amount causes the development of incurable and irreversible diseases - pneumoconiosis ( silicosis , anthracosis , etc.). To protect against dust, various collective protection devices [1] [2] [3] , and less effective RPDS [4] can be used .
Content
- 1 house dust
- 2 dust explosions
- 3 Atmospheric dust
- 4 Climate effects of dust
- 5 Dust in the culture
- 6 See also
- 7 Filmography
- 8 Notes
Household Dust
So-called house dust mites , which are saprotrophs , can settle in house dust . Despite being close to humans, the saprotroph itself is practically safe - it does not spoil food and does not tolerate infectious diseases, such as mice, rats, flies and cockroaches. Also, ticks do not spread eggs of parasites (unlike cockroaches and ants). However, the waste products of house dust mites are the most common cause of allergies and one of the most common causes of asthma .
In a tightly locked apartment with closed windows, about 12 thousand dust particles per 1 square centimeter of the floor and the horizontal surface of the furniture settle in two weeks. This dust contains 35% of mineral particles, 12% of textile and paper fibers, 19% of skin flakes, 7% of flower pollen, 3% of soot and smoke particles. The remaining 24% of unknown origin, cosmic dust [5] . During computer modeling, scientists from the University of Arizona found that in the places of research most of the dust falls into a person’s home together with air, and not because of dirty shoes, clothes, etc. [6] .
Dust Explosions
Volumetric explosions of dust (dust-air mixtures - aerosols ) represent one of the main hazards of chemical production and occur in limited spaces (in buildings, inside various equipment, in mine workings of mines ). Dust explosions are possible in the milling industry, in grain elevators (flour dust) when it interacts with dyes , sulfur , sugar and other powdered food products, as well as in the production of plastics , medicines, in fuel crushing plants (coal dust), in textile production . [7] [8]
Atmospheric Dust
The wind raises dust from the soil, plants throw pollen, volcanoes throw ash , etc.
Climate Dust
The amount of dust in the atmosphere has a big impact on the climate. Dust particles absorb part of the solar radiation , and also participate in the formation of clouds , being condensation nuclei [9] .
Culture Dust
- In Iran, the Arabic name Abuturab is widespread - the father of dust.
See also
- Space dust
- Grain dust
- Cyclone (dust collector)
- A vacuum cleaner
Filmography
- “The big leap. Dust ”is a popular science film shot in 2012.
Notes
- ↑ Water dedusting during material processing
- ↑ Jay F. Colinet, James P. Rider, Jeffrey M. Listak, John A. Organiscak, and Anita L. Wolfe. Best Practices for Dust Control in Coal Mining . - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. - Pittsburgh, PA; Spokane, WA: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-110, 2010. - 84 p. There is a translation: The best ways to reduce dust in coal mines PDF Wiki
- ↑ Andrew B. Cecala, Andrew D. O'Brien, Joseph Schall, Jay F. Colinet et al. Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing . - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. - Pittsburgh, PA; Spokane, WA: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2012-110, 2012. - 314 p. There is a translation: Guidelines for protection against dust in mining and processing of minerals PDF Wiki
- ↑ Kaptsov V.A., Chirkin A.V. On the effectiveness of personal respiratory protective equipment as a means of preventing disease (review) // Federal State Budgetary Health Institution “Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances” of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare Toxicological Bulletin . - Moscow, 2018 .-- No. 2 (149) . - S. 2-6 . - ISSN 0869-7922 .
- ↑ Ilonova V.A., “Where did the dust come from?”, M .: “Health education”, 1996
- ↑ Scientists have modeled ... house dust . iScience.ru . iScience.ru (November 12, 2009). Date of treatment March 6, 2011. Archived on August 24, 2011.
- ↑ Prevention and localization of gas and dust explosions in coal mines
- ↑ Dust Explosion Process
- ↑ Anna Govorova. Earth's atmospheric dust doubled . News project Infox.ru . Infox-Interactive LLC (January 16, 2011). Date of treatment February 21, 2011. Archived August 24, 2011.