Nagiyev, Murtuza Fatulla oglu

MF Nagiyev was born on May 5, 1908 in a poor family in a small town in the south of Azerbaijan - Sarab . At the age of 8, he lost his father, and he had early, at 11 years old, to join the labor activity. For the first time, M.F. Nagiyev felt a taste for studying while working as an assistant locksmith at the Machine-Building Plant named after Lieutenant Schmidt, where he came in 1921. Here, in 1923, he graduated from the courses of factory apprenticeship (FZU), increasing his working skills. In 1926, he enrolled in the faculty of workers (the workers' faculty) at the Azerbaijan State University, which ends with an excellent response from the dean's office. To continue his education, MF Nagiyev went to Moscow and in 1929 became a student of two universities at once - the Moscow Higher Technical School and the Mining Academy (now the Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas). However, to finish education in Moscow failed. Because of his mother’s illness, he returns to Baku. And in 1932, becoming a student of the Azerbaijan Industrial Institute (ASII), makes the first steps in science. At the end of the Institute in 1935, MF Nagiyev was sent to the Baku Cracking Plant named after Vano Sturua, where in a rather short period of time, until 1938, he goes through all the stages of engineering activity, working first as deputy head of the workshop, then as a design engineer and chief engineer of the plant. In 1938 he was sent to the Scientific Research Institute for Oil Refining (AzNII NP). In 1940 , MF Nagiyev defended his thesis on the topic "Investigation of gasoline yields during cracking with recirculation." In the same year, MF Nagiyev became an assistant professor in the department of refinery mechanics at the ASII them. M. Azizbekov, where he reads the courses of cracking technology and the calculation of processes and devices. In 1941, summarizing the accumulated material, he publishes his first monograph - “Cracking Technology and Equipment Calculation”. In 1942, he entered the Azerbaijan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (AzFAN) as a senior research fellow, transformed in 1945 into the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. Here he conducts numerous studies of various processes of chemical technology. The results of some of them were included in the book “The Current State of Chemistry and Technology of Aviation Fuels”, published in 1943 and written in collaboration with Yu. G. Mamedaliyev.

In 1944, M.F. Nagiyev defended his doctoral thesis on the topic “Study of the main issues of technology and kinetics of the cracking process” and received the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences, and in 1945 - the title of professor. In 1946, MF Nagiyev headed the Institute of Petroleum, which he manages for 10 years.

In 1952, MF Nagiyev was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, where he subsequently held a number of senior positions - academician-secretary of departments, vice-president and academician-secretary of the academy.

From 1959 to 1962 he becomes director of the Institute of Petrochemical Processes.

From 1965 until the end of his life, M. F. Nagiyev headed the work of the Institute of Theoretical Problems of Chemical Technology of the Academy of Sciences of the Az.

The beginning of the research work of MF Nagiyev refers to his student years. In 1933, the newspaper “ For Oil Engineering ”, the body of the Azneft Association and the Committee of the Union of Oilmen , published an article entitled “The country needs gasoline of anti-knock qualities, ” in which the author suggested getting gasoline according to the method developed by him. In 1934, M.F. Nagiyev received the copyright certificate for this invention. In the same years of study, the journal “Azerbaijan Oil Industry” published the first scientific articles on the development of methods for calculating individual elements of oil refineries - injectors and ejectors.

Being engaged in the study of thermal cracking, MF Nagiyev summarized the results of his work in his Ph.D. thesis “ Investigation of gasoline yields during cracking with recirculation ”. In 1939 he developed a theory of recycling processes. Research in this area Nagiyev develops systematically for almost 20 years. During this time they took shape in an independent discipline, a new section of the theory of chemical technology with its principles, laws, regulations. These studies compiled the content of the monograph “ The Doctrine of Recycling Processes in Chemical Technology ”, published in Moscow by the USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House in 1958. It was the first monograph on recycling in the world scientific literature. With the significance of theoretical propositions and originality of approaches, it attracted the attention of foreign scientists and in 1964 was published in English in London by the Pergamon Press publishing house.

In 1941, MF Nagiyev published the monograph " Cracking Technology and Equipment Calculation ." Conducting numerous studies of various processes of chemical technology, Nagiyev, together with Mamedaliyev, wrote the book “The Modern State of Chemistry and Technology of Aviation Fuels ”, published in 1943. In an effort to penetrate the essence of chemical processes, M. F. Nagiyev in those years takes up the study of kinetics - teaching on the rates of chemical reactions - the basis for the development of any chemical process. In this regard, he prepares a doctoral thesis " Study of the main issues of technology and kinetics of the cracking process ." Continuing to work in the field of chemical kinetics, Nagiyev develops theoretical principles for the application of kinetic dependencies to the calculation of industrial reactors and devotes to them the monograph “ Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics of Industrial Systems ”, published in 1950, which very quickly became a bibliographic rarity. During these years, he wrote the book Thermodynamic Calculations of Refining Processes and Data on the Properties of Chemical Compounds . The book was printed in Leningrad in 1950. It outlines the main elements of chemical thermodynamics. MF Nagiyev also writes the book “The Miraculous Substance ” (Basic Concepts about Oil and Petrochemical Synthesis), published in 1956. In the preface, the author writes: “ The purpose of this book is to acquaint our young people with oil and those products which are obtained from it . "

Considering the technological system as a whole, M. Nagiyev attached great importance to the rational use of both material and thermal resources. Back in the 1950s, he began research on heat transfer and proposed new designs of heat exchangers. As a result of the development of work in this area in 1960, he created a method for the optimal use of heat exchanger systems.

The scientific activity of Nagiyev during these years was marked not only by the further development of previous studies, but also by the creation of new methods, principles, approaches, and broad theoretical generalizations. One of them is a methodological approach to research, modeling and optimization of complex technological systems - the so-called global optimization based on a single mathematical model. However, this method was premature. The level of computing technology did not allow solving the global optimization problem. In search of a solution to the problem, Nagiyev develops a more accessible three-level optimization method for implementation, which is carried out in three successive stages, but subordinate to one global goal. Nagiyev showed that it is possible to increase the achieved optimality. He found the conditions for improving the efficiency of the process - the effect on him of recycling parameters. By the 1970s, he summarized the accumulated material, clothed him in new principles, postulates, theorems. These generalizations are reflected in the press he prepared for the period 1970 - 75. and monographs published in Moscow by Nauka Publishers : “ The Theory of Recycling and Improving the Optimality of Chemical Processes ”, “ Studies on Chemical Systems with Feedback ” and as a result of the main works - studies on recycling processes, M.F. Nagiyev wrote a monograph “ Chemical Recycling ”, published in 1978. It formulates the basic principles, laws, theorems, methods of the theory of recycling created by him.

The fundamental principle formulated by the scientist was the generalizing principle of superoptimality, which involves carrying out a chemical process under conditions ensuring the achievement of maximum reactor productivity and minimizing the generation of waste. Practicing this principle in practice means creating waste-free production with intensively operating non-bulky equipment, that is, resource-saving, environmentally friendly production. Nagiyev also puts forward a new postulate on the initial conditions of the chemical process and a new approach to the choice of catalyst. At the Institute of Petroleum of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. SSR MF Nagiyev conducted research in the field of processing of heavy oil residues. As a result of these studies, he wrote the book " Processing of oil residues and the use of its products ."

In 1961 in Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijan State Publishing House Azerneshr published a monograph entitled “ Fundamentals of the Development of Complex Chemical Processes and Design of Reactors ”. MF Nagiyev was not only a scientist-technologist, to some extent he was a philosopher, reflecting on the development of society, the place and role of man in it, and many other philosophical categories. Reflecting on all this, Nagiyev wrote a book “The Lessons of the Scientific and Technological Revolution and the Need for the Harmonious Development of All Areas of Civilization ”. For the first time this work was completely published in the book dedicated to the 100th anniversary of MFNagiyev from the day of birth "Academician Murtuza Nagiyev. Life Line - the search for the philosopher's stone".

Wife - Nergiz Khanum. Three children, which followed in the footsteps of his father.

• The oldest son of Nagiyev, Tofiq Murtuza oglu, was born in Baku in 1941, he is a physical chemist, academician, and head of a laboratory at the Institute of Chemical Problems.
• Zemfira Murtuza Nagiyeva was born in Baku in 1943. She is a physicist and chemist and a candidate of chemical sciences.
• Chingiz Murtuza ogly Nagiev was born in Baku in 1947 - a chemical engineer , a doctor of technical sciences, a professor at the Department of Fundamentals of Chemical and Technological Engineering of the Azerbaijan State Oil Academy.

MF Nagiyev was an excellent teacher and organizer. He invested his knowledge and experience in the training of scientific and engineering personnel. For many years, MF Nagiyev gave lectures at universities in the republic, supervised theses. He had many students whom he involved in scientific work. He trained 4 doctors and 27 candidates of science. He created a scientific school. 5 academicians left the school of MF Nagiyev.

MF Nagiyev repeatedly represented Russian science abroad, participating in the work of International Congresses (Philadelphia, New York, Paris, Amsterdam), giving lectures (Czechoslovakia, England) and visiting countries as a member of the Soviet delegations of chemical scientists (France , Belgium) ^[1] .

For his fruitful scientific and organizational activities, M. F. Nagiyev in 1969 was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Sickle and Hammer gold medal . He was awarded the " Order of the Red Banner of Labor ", the medals " For the Defense of the Caucasus ", " For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. »In 1940, 1945 and 1946. The Supreme Council of the Azerbaijan SSR awarded MF Nagiyev with certificates of honor. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, MF Nagiyev in 1958 was awarded the honorary title “ Honored Scientist of the Azerbaijan SSR ”.

He died on January 28, 1975 . He worked in the field of research concerning all aspects of the chemical process - the study of the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions, their thermodynamic characteristics, optimal conditions for the best implementation of the process in production with minimal costs, problems of mathematical modeling and optimization, study of the stable operation of chemical reactors, issues of heat and mass transfer and many, many others. The result of the solution of all these studies was the numerous original works that constituted valuable scientific heritage for future generations. The Institute of Theoretical Problems of Chemical Technology of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR was named after him.

• ACADEMIC MURTUZA NAGIEV (for the 110th anniversary)