Green tariff ( tariff for connection ) ( eng. Feed-in tariff ) is an economic and political mechanism designed to attract investment in renewable energy technologies [1] [2] .
This mechanism is based on three main factors:
- network connection guarantee;
- long-term contract for the purchase of all generated renewable electricity;
- bonus to the cost of electricity generated [3] [4] .
Tariffs for connection may differ not only [5] for different sources of renewable energy, but depending on the installed capacity of renewable energy sources. As a rule, the premium to the generated electricity is paid for a sufficiently long period (10-25 years), thereby guaranteeing the return on investment made in the project and making a profit.
History
USA
The idea of preferential tariffs was first implemented in the USA in 1978, when President Jimmy Carter signed the National Energy Act and the Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act. The purpose of these laws was to promote energy conservation and the development of new types of energy resources, including renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy [6] [7] .
Green tariff in various countries
In 2011, laws regulating the generation of electricity through green tariffs were adopted in more than 50 countries [8] .
Ukraine
According to the Law of Ukraine “On Electric Power Industry” No. 575/97-BP dated 10.16.1997, the “green” tariff is a special tariff at which electricity produced using alternative sources of electricity is purchased. The green tariff does not apply to electricity produced from coke oven and blast furnace gas by hydroelectric power plants (only mini-, micro- and small hydroelectric power stations) [9] .
The wholesale electricity market of Ukraine represented by the Energorynok SE is obliged to buy electricity at the “green” tariff. The possibility of selling at a “green” tariff directly to consumers is provided. In accordance with the law on the electric power industry, the size of the “green” tariff is approved for each producer [9] [p 1] .
The incentive scheme for electricity production using the “green” tariff will be valid until 01.01.2030 and will apply to entities that produce electricity from renewable energy sources [10] [11] [12] .
Russia
On July 24, 2017, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the “Plan of measures to stimulate the development of generating facilities based on renewable energy sources with an installed capacity of up to 15 kW.” [five]
The approved plan says that in the so-called price zones of the wholesale energy market (the European part of the Russian Federation, the Urals and Siberia), the purchase price will be equal to the weighted average unregulated energy price calculated “in the established manner”. In non-price zones of the wholesale market - the Arkhangelsk and Kaliningrad regions, the Komi Republic and the Far East - electricity will be sold at a regulated price. In isolated energy systems, electricity will be sold at the minimum production price set by the authorized executive body. [13]
Notes
- ↑ The state regulates the minimum cost of electricity produced at the "green" tariff from wind energy, biomass, sun, as well as electricity from small hydropower plants.
Sources
- ↑ Couture, T., Gagnon, Y., (2010). An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable energy investment. Energy Policy, 38 (2), 955–965, doi: 10.1016 / j.enpol.2009.10.0.047
- ↑ Policymaker's Guide to Feed-in Tariff Policies, US National Renewable Energy Lab, www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/44849.pdf
- ↑ Mendonça, M. (2007). Feed-in Tariffs: Accelerating the Deployment of Renewable Energy. London: EarthScan.
- ↑ NREL 2010, www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/44849.pdf
- ↑ 1 2 About the plan of measures to stimulate the development of generating facilities based on renewable energy sources with an installed capacity of up to 15 kW . m.government.ru. Date of treatment October 11, 2017.
- ↑ Policy Options for Promoting Wind Energy Development in California: A Report to the Governor and State Legislature Archived on September 9, 2008. (159KB)
- ↑ Hirsh, RF (1999). "PURPA: The Spur to Competition and Utility Restructuring," The Electricity Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 7, pp. 60-72.
- ↑ see REN21 Global Status Report, 2010, http://www.ren21.net/REN21Activities/Publications/GlobalStatusReport/tabid/5434/Default.aspx .
- ↑ 1 2 Maxim SYSEV. Green tariff: tempting, but not easy . The Case (January 22, 2010). Date of treatment December 16, 2011. Archived on September 6, 2012.
- ↑ Green tariff for solar power plants in Ukraine 2017—2018
- ↑ In Ukraine, the “green tariff” for private households has increased
- ↑ Green tariff increased in Ukraine
- ↑ RES-based microgeneration in the Russian Federation: the next step has been taken - RenEn (Russian) , RenEn (July 24, 2017). Date of treatment October 11, 2017.