Torpedo boats of types C and D are types of torpedo boats that were in service with the Royal Navy of Great Britain and Canada in the 1930s and during World War II . The third and fourth series of British interwar serial destroyers (the so-called "standard" destroyers). Two ships, HMS Kempenfelt and HMS Duncan, were designed and built as fleet leaders. In the late 1930s, all type C destroyers, in 1940 HMS Diana and in 1943 HMS Decoy were transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy , where they received new names. Ships were actively used during the Second World War , during which 9 of the 14 destroyers of these types died.
| Type C and D destroyers | |
|---|---|
| C and D class destroyer | |
 Destroyer HMS Diana Type D, 1933 | |
| Project | |
| A country |
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| Manufacturers |
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| Operators |
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| Preceding type | B |
| Subsequent type | E and F |
| Years of construction | 1930-1933 |
| Years in the ranks | 1932-1945 |
| Scheduled | 14 |
| Built | 14 |
| Losses | ten |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 1375 t standard ( Kempenfelt - 1390 t, Duncan - 1400 t), 1865-1942 t complete (subsequently 2040-2100) |
| Length | 96.85 m ( waterline ) 100.28 m (largest) |
| Width | 10.06 m |
| Draft | 3.78 m (subsequently 3.96-4.06) |
| Engines | 2 TZ Parsons 3 pcs Admiralty type ( Kempenfelt - Yarrow) |
| Power | 36 000 liters with. (26.5 Mw ) |
| Mover | 2 screws |
| Speed | 36 knots (66.67 km / h ) |
| Sailing range | 5500 miles at 15 knots. Oil stock 461—473 t |
| Crew | 145 people ( Kempenfelt , Duncan - 175) |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 4 × 1 - 120 mm / 45 guns QF Mk. IX |
| Flak | 1 × 76 mm 2 × 1 - 40 mm / 40 “pom-pom” (except Dainty , Decoy , Delight , Duchess ) [1] |
| Anti-submarine weapons | GL “Asdik”, 2 BMBs , 6 depth charges |
| Mine torpedo armament | 2 × 4 533 mm SLT [2] |
History and design features
The destroyers of types C and D were a slightly enlarged version of the previous type B. The fuel supply was increased by 20% and a 76 mm anti-aircraft gun was installed [2] . Also installed new artillery fire control devices. In order to avoid loss of speed due to increased displacement (to increase speed by ½ knot [3] ), the power of the power unit was brought up to 36,000 liters. with. By analogy with type “A”, they received minesweeping equipment to the detriment of anti- aircraft defense assets, but their somewhat large dimensions allowed them to be kept as part of the arsenal of the ASG . Ships of the “D” type program were built according to the same project as the “C” type, but on the contrary, anti-submarine weapons were strengthened by removing trawling equipment [4] .
HMS Kempenfelt and HMS Duncan were designed and built as leaders of the C and D destroyer fleets . They were maximally unified with “ordinary” destroyers, differing only in some details, for example, HMS Kempenfelt had only a slightly enlarged aft superstructure with additional facilities for the headquarters of the flotilla commander and was characterized by the absence of anti-submarine and minesweep weapons in order to reduce the load [4] .
They were built according to the programs of 1929 (type “C”) and 1930 (type “D”). Type C was planned to build 9 units, but in connection with the economic crisis of 1929, the laying of four ships was canceled [4] .
Power plant
Main power plant
The main power plant included three three-collector Admiralty boilers with superheaters and two Parsons turbo-gear units with single-stage gearboxes. Two turbines (high and low pressure) and a gearbox made up a turbo gear unit. Placement of power plants - linear.
The working pressure of the steam is 300 psi (21 kgf / cm², 20.4 atm. ), The temperature is 315 ° C [5] .
Cruising Range and Speed
The design capacity was 36,000 liters. with. , which was supposed to ensure the speed (at full load) of 32 knots , with a partial load - 35.5 knots.
The fuel supply was stored in fuel tanks, containing 470 dl. tons of fuel oil. which provided a cruising range of 6350 miles with a 12-knot course, 5870 miles with a 15-knot course [6] with a design range of 5500 miles [7] , 4000 miles with a 20-knot [6] . Cruising range at full speed was about 1250 miles [6] .
Armament
Instead of the outdated “sight-director for destroyers (DDS)”, a full-fledged EMP was introduced, the so-called “director for destroyers (DCT)” associated with the Admiralty-type fire control indicator Mk.I. Type C two bombers, six depth charges, type D two BMs and one bombing device (20 GB).
Service and Modernization
Type C and D destroyers took an active part in the operations of World War II . In the late 1930s, all Type C ships were transferred to the Canadian Navy and received new names (see the list of type ships). In 1940 and 1943, two D-series destroyers were also transferred to Canada. 9 out of 14 destroyers of these types died as a result of enemy operations. The surviving ships were used mainly as escort destroyers, and after the war were sold for scrap.
During the war, ships were repeatedly subjected to modernization and change of arms. 76 mm gun was dismantled in 1936-1938. from all type C ships, but returned in 1940-1941 in exchange for one of the four-tube torpedo tubes. At the end of the war, the surviving units carried typical armament for escort destroyers, consisting of three 120-mm guns, six 20-mm anti-aircraft artillery mounts, one four-pipe torpedo tube, RB Hezhekhog .
Type C destroyer list [4] [8] [9]
Flotilla Leader
| Pennant Number | Title | Shipyard | Bookmark Date | Launch date | Date of entry in the fleet | Withdrawal date from fleet / death | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D18 (from 1940 - I18) | HMS Kempenfelt | J. Samuel White , Cowes | October 1, 1930 | October 29, 1931 | May 1932 | November 10, 1945 | In 1939 it was handed over to the KVMF of Canada (renamed to HMCS Assiniboine ), when towed for disassembly, it ran aground off Prince Edward Island , dismantled in 1952 |
Series ships
| Pennant Number | Title | Shipyard | Bookmark Date | Launch date | Date of entry in the fleet | Withdrawal date from fleet / death | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H00 | HMS Comet | HM Dockyard Portsmouth | September 1, 1930 | September 30, 1931 | June 1932 | 1946 | In 1938 it was transferred to the KVMF of Canada (renamed HMCS Restigouche ), in 1946 it was expelled from the fleet, disassembled for metal |
| H60 | Hms crrusader | HM Dockyard Portsmouth | September 1, 1930 | September 30, 1931 | May 1932 | September 14, 1942 | In 1938 it was transferred to the KVMF of Canada (renamed HMCS Ottawa ), died as a result of the attack of the German submarine U-91 off the coast of Canada |
| H83 | HMS Cygnet | Vickers-armstrongs | December 1, 1930 | September 29, 1931 | April 1932 | 1946 | In 1937, transferred to the KVMF of Canada (renamed the HMCS St. Laurent ), sold for scrap in 1947 |
| H48 | HMS Crescent | Vickers-armstrongs | December 1, 1930 | September 29, 1931 | April 1932 | June 28, 1940 | Died as a result of a collision with the HMS Calcutta air defense cruiser at the mouth of the Gironde |
Type D destroyer list [4] [8] [9]
Flotilla Leader
| Pennant Number | Title | Shipyard | Bookmark Date | Launch date | Date of entry in the fleet | Withdrawal date from fleet / death | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D99 (from 1940 - I99) | Hms duncan | HM Dockyard, Portsmouth | September 3, 1931 | July 7, 1932 | April 1933 | 1945 | Disassembled for metal |
Series ships
| Pennant Number | Title | Shipyard | Bookmark Date | Launch date | Date of entry in the fleet | Withdrawal date from fleet / death | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H53 | Hms dainty | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company | April 20, 1931 | May 3, 1932 | January 1933 | February 24, 1941 | Sunk by German aircraft in the harbor of Tobruk |
| H16 | Hms daring | John I. Thornycroft & Company | June 1931 | April 7, 1932 | November 1932 | February 18, 1940 | Killed as a result of the attack of the German submarine U-23 off the coast of Scotland |
| H75 | Hms decoy | John I. Thornycroft & Company | June 1931 | June 7, 1932 | April 1933 | 1946 | In 1943 it was transferred to the KVMF of Canada (renamed the HMCS Kootenay ), after the war it was disassembled |
| H07 | HMS Defender | Vickers-armstrongs | June 1931 | April 7, 1932 | October 1932 | July 11, 1941 | Damaged by German aircraft at Tobruk , sank while towing in the Sidi Barrani area |
| H38 | Hms delight | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company | April 22, 1931 | June 2, 1932 | January 1933 | July 29, 1940 | Heavily damaged by German aircraft at Portland , towed to the port, where he sank on the night of July 29-30, 1940 |
| H22 | Hms diamond | Vickers-armstrongs | September 1931 | April 8, 1932 | November 1932 | April 27, 1941 | Sunk by German aircraft at Cape Maleya ( Greece ) |
| H49 | Hms diana | Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company | June 1931 | June 16, 1932 | December 1932 | October 22, 1940 | In 1940 it was transferred to the KVMF of Canada (renamed HMCS Margaree ), was killed in a collision with the transport "Port Fairy" in the North Atlantic |
| H64 | Hms duchess | Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company | June 1931 | July 19, 1932 | January 1933 | December 12, 1939 | Killed in a collision with a battleship HMS Barham off the coast of Scotland |
Notes
- ↑ Arms data at the time of commissioning
- ↑ 1 2 Conway's, 1922-1946. - P. 38.
- ↑ to Ivanhoe, 1993 , p. 43.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 A. V. Dashyan “Ships of the Second World War. British Navy. " Part 2. Destroyers
- ↑ Granovsky, 1997 , p. 14.
- ↑ 1 2 3 From Earliest Days, 2009 , p. 353.
- ↑ From Earliest Days, 2009 , p. 501.
- ↑ 1 2 Jane's Fighting Ships, 1934, p. 56, p. 60
- ↑ 1 2 to Ivanhoe, 1993 , p. 51.
Literature
- “Maritime Collection” No. 5, 2003. A. V. Dashyan “Ships of the Second World War. British Navy. " Part 2. Moscow, Model-Designer, 2003
- Conway's All The Worlds Fighting Ships, 1922-1946 / Gray, Randal (ed.). - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980 .-- 456 p. - ISBN 0-85177-1467 .
- Jane's Fighting Ships, 1934
- English, John. Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s .. - Kendal: World Ship Society, 1993 .-- 144 p. - ISBN 0-905617-64-9 .
- Norman Friedman British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War. - Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2009 .-- ISBN 978-1-59114-081-8 .