Man la yahduruhl-al-fakih is one of the four major Shiite collections of hadith , compiled by Sheikh al-Saduk (d. 381 AH ). Recently published in four volumes in Tehran .
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The life and writings of Sheikh al-Saduk
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babaweih al-Qumi, also known as Sheikh al-Saduk, was one of the most respected scholars of Hadith of his time. His father was also a famous ulema .
It is assumed that Sheikh Al-Saduk was born after 305-306 AH in Qom . The Babawayh last name is an Arabized version of the Persian last name Babuya. At that time, Qom was one of the centers for the study of Shiite Hadith , which predetermined the sphere of interests of Sheikh al-Saduk. In the future, he traveled a lot, receiving Hadith from various scientists, whose number is approximately 211. Hadith Sheikh Al-Saduk quoted in the process of controversy with speculative philosophers ( mutakallim ).
Peru Sheikh al-Saduk owns about 300 books. Many of Sheikh al-Saduk’s works have been lost, but many others have been preserved and published, and some still exist in the form of manuscripts. Among his most important works is a treatise on Shiite doctrine "Al-I'tikad", to which a student of Sheikh al-Saduk Sheikh al-Mufid wrote an amendment called "Tashih al-i'tikad", in which he criticized Sheikh al-Saduk on some items.
There is an opinion that “Man la yahduruh-l-fakih” is not the only collection of hadis composed by sheikh al-Saduk. Researchers also mention a different code compiled by him - “Madinat al-ilm” (it was much more voluminous and devoted mainly to the basics of Shiite dogma). However, this collection, alas, has not survived to this day.
The last years of his life, Sheikh al-Saduk lived in Rhea , where in 381 he died and was buried.
The value of the collection
The Hadiths included in the vault of Man la yahduruh al-fakih are devoted to explaining the pillars of Islam (furu 'ad-din), that is, the practical commandments of the Shari'ah (such as namaz , fasting , paying hums and zakat , hajj, marriage, and t d), allowed ( halal ) and forbidden ( haram ) in Islam according to the Jafarit school of law. The title of the collection can be translated as “One who does not have access to a lawyer .”
In the introduction, Sheikh al-Saduk describes the circumstances of the creation of this code and the reason that prompted him to choose such a name for him. During a meeting with Sharif ad-Din Abu Abdullah, he showed Sheikh al-Saduk a book called “Man la Yahduruh-t-Tabib” (“He who does not have access to a doctor ”) and asked to write a similar book on Islamic jurisprudence ( fiqh ) “Al-halal val-haram” (“Permissible and forbidden”), which would combine in itself all those works that Sheikh al-Saduk had already written on this topic. This book Sharif ad-Din Abu Abdullah proposed to call by analogy with the specified health care provider.
Thus, the value of the “Man la yahduruh-l-fakih” set is that it was intended to serve as a kind of encyclopedia of practical commandments of the jafari fiqh, to which any Shiite Muslim could refer.
This book is a kind of summary of Sheikh al-Saduk to all his studies of traditions related to legal issues.
Since the collection “Man la yahduruh-l-faqih” is one of the four most important Shiite arches (along with Al-Qafi by al-Kulaini and two arches by Abu Jafar al-Tusi , Tahzib al-Ahkam and Al -Istiffsar ”), many comments were written to him. Among the great commentators are al-Sayyid Ahmad ibn Zein al-Abidin al-Alawi al-Amili (d. 1060 AH) and Muhammad Taki al-Majlisi al-Awwal (d. 1070 AH).
Features of the collection
Since the compilation of Man la yahduruh-l-fakih was created for non-specialists, sheikh al-Saduk removed from it long isnadas for hadiths, which are necessary only for mujtahid scholars who check the chains of transmitters of legends for reliability. Sheikh al-Saduk explains this as follows:
“... I compiled a book without isnads ( asanids ), because the chains [transmitters] should not take up too much space [and make the book longer], otherwise the collection could be overloaded with them. I didn’t have a goal that the compilers [of the hadith] usually set for themselves, to put everything I could tell into the collection, but my intention was to include those traditions in which legal decisions are described and which I considered authentic. "
Man la yahduruhl-l-fakih , volume I, pp. 2-3.
Another distinctive feature of this code is the method used by the author. Sheikh al-Saduk does not allow Hadiths to speak for themselves: he comments on them, and also often derives Shari'a norms from these Hadiths and explains their meaning.
The code of “Man la yahduruh-l-fakih” is not divided into books ( kutub ), but into more compact chapters ( abvab ), which include various sub-sections.
Literature
- Mustafa Avliya'i. Ik ka howard. Hadistic. Moscow, "Istok", 2010.