Shelter (Kalmykia)

The foundation of the village was connected with the signing by Emperor Nicholas I on December 30, 1848 of a decree on the settlement of roads on the Kalmyk lands of the Astrakhan province , according to which it was planned to establish 44 stations in six directions on Kalmyk lands, settling 50 Kalmyk families on each of them to serve the stations and 5 families of state peasants with their endowment of 30 tithes of the earth. "to implement the program June 19 1847 the year the commission on settling roads Kalmyk lands were set aside land for the station the Cross , feed th , Priyutnuyu.

None of the places considered by the commission fully met the needs of the settlement, however, the commission did not decide to leave this section of the tract without settlement. The choice fell on a place near Lake Amtya-Nur , more suited to a settled population. The future village was called Shelter .

The settlement of this area did not begin until the summer of 1850 , since in 1848 an epidemic of cholera broke out in the Maloderbetovsky ulus .

Residents of the village of Priyutnoye were state and serf peasants from the Yekaterinoslav , Kharkiv , and Voronezh provinces, peasants released into the wild, retired lower ranks (possibly from the Caucasian line, but most likely from the Don army). Tradesmen moved here too. Kalmyk families were listed in the village formally. The family received irrevocably 35 rubles and 30 tithes per male soul ^[3] . One of these peasants was Stepan Kiykov from Bogucharov ( Voronezh province ). Stepan Kiykov is considered the founder of Elista . He spent the winter of 1861-1862. in Shelter before heading to the beam of Elista-Sala , where he settled in the spring of 1862 .

According to the list of settlements of the Astrakhan province in 1859, at the Priyutnaya station (Amta-Nur), there were 96 yards, 404 male and 365 female souls lived ^[4] .

From the very beginning, the problem of the village was the lack of good water. Lake Amtya-Nur contained harmful substances in addition to salts. It was obvious that for the normal existence of the village it was necessary to solve the problem of water supply or at least reduce its severity. In 1856, an outstanding Russian academician K.M. Baer was in the village of Priyutnaya. On May 8, accompanied by peasants, he examined the lake and the Amtya-Nur gully and concluded that there was a significant concentration of lime in the water. Seeing no prospects for the further development of the settlement, the peasants suggested moving it to the Hamur tract, which they had chosen for 40 versts. However, the petition of the peasants was rejected, as the place was far from the highway. In 1864, part of the shelters moved to the village of Kazgulakskoye , which was formed in the Stavropol province , and their lands in the Priyutnoye area were transferred to the Kalmyks ^[3] .

Despite the initial difficulties, in 1904 there were already 252 yards in the village with 1874 inhabitants, and in 1913 - 426 yards and 2353 residents.

In January 1919, the village was occupied by the White Guard units of Generals Babiev and Tchaikovsky, but on January 24, Priyutnoye was occupied by the 7th Cavalry Division ^[5] .

The village is located within the Kumo-Manych Lowland , which is part of the East European Plain . The average height above sea level is 26 m ^[6] . The terrain is flat. The area has a general slope from east to west. The river Nain-Shara flows to the north-west of the village, the Liman Goly lake to the west, and the Vorobyovo lake to the south ^[7] .

By road, the distance to the capital of Kalmykia , Elista, is 66 km (to the city center). The nearest village is Dotseng, located 6.9 km south of the village ^[8] . The village crosses the federal highway Elista - Stavropol P216 .

Climate

According to the Köppen-Geiger classification of climates, the type of climate is humid continental with moderately cold winters and hot summers. The average annual air temperature is 10.0 ° C and the rainfall is 365 mm. The driest month is February (rainfall is 20 mm). The wettest is June (50 mm) ^[1] .

Population dynamics

National composition

According to the 2002 census, the majority of the population of the village were Russians (80%) ^[20]

• Enlightenment Stupa Suburgan in honor of the longevity of His Holiness the Dalai Lama XIV . Opened in 2007 ^[21] .
• Holy Cross Church . Opened in 1995.

• Bembeeva Raisa Cedenkaevna - Professor, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatric Faculty, Russian State Medical University N.I. Pirogova.
• Gashinsky Evgeny Konstantinovich - Honored Artist of the Kalmyk ASSR, member of the Union of Artists of the USSR.
• Ereshenko Lidia Yuryevna - accordion player. Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Kalmykia. Since 2007, her name is listed in the encyclopedia "The best people of Russia."
• Ermolenko Igor Yuryevich - artist of the Moscow Academic Theater of Satire. Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation.
• Kovalev, Rodion Vasilievich (1915-1971) - Hero of Socialist Labor.
• Kozhieva Tatyana Ivanovna - actress of the Kalmyk State Drama Theater.
• Korchagin Pavel Vasilievich - artist of the Saratov Academic Opera and Ballet Theater.
• Kravchenko Sergey Petrovich - member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. Honorary resident of the Priyutnensky district of the Republic of Kalmykia. The name Kravchenko S.P. is listed in the encyclopedia "The Best People of Russia" in 2006.
• Pasechnikov Viktor Dmitrievich - Professor of the Stavropol Medical Academy. Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation.
• Hakhulin Vasily Ivanovich - member of the Union of Artists of the USSR, head of the Children's Art School. G. Rokchinsky city of Elista. Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Kalmykia and Russia.
• Chernyshova Olga Vasilievna - poet (4 poetry collections were published), member of the Union of Journalists of the USSR and Russia since 1984. He is a veteran of labor, Honorary resident of the Priyutnensky district of the Republic of Kalmykia. The name of O. V. Chernyshova was included in the encyclopedia “The Best People of Russia” in 2003.